1. The Atom
What is it?
Who discovered it?

2. Matter:
-Has mass and takes up space
-Has inertia
Made of atoms

3. History of the Atom -What’s it made of ?
*Democritis- mostly empty space
with tiny atoms in it
*Lavoisier- law of conservation of matter
*Dalton- Atomic Theory of matter
matter made of unique atoms
*Thomson- Discovery of electrons
use of cathode rays
*Rutherford- nucleus and protons
*Chadwick- nucleus and neutrons

4. Models of the atom: Bohr Model- Electron Cloud Model
Electron Cloud Model

5. Electron energy levels
1.      seven energy levels
2.      max number of electrons in each level
3.      sublevels (s,p,d, and f)- (refrigerator analogy)
electron dot diagram

6. Elements -made up of the same type of atoms simplest material
109 total so far, 90 naturally occurring

7. -Periodic table -Mendeleev-
Organize information
Easy to use chart
Listed in Atomic order (sm -> bigger)

8. *How to use the Chart Atomic number (# of protons)
Atomic mass (protons +neutrons)
*Isotopes* same element, different number of neutrons

9. *Classification Groups (families) and Periods Metals Nonmetals
Metalloids

10. Substances Substance- same composition and properties throughout
Elements
pure substances
only one type of atom
Compounds
more than one type of atom
have formulas (NaCl, H20, NaOH, HCl)
Law of Definite Proportions

11. Mixtures- two or more substances together
Uniform (homogeneous)
Tea, sterling silver, steel
Nonuniform (heterogeneous)
Pepperoni pizza, milk, OJ, blood

12. Phases of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas

13. How atoms get together Bonding Sharing Stealing
Covalent bonding (CO2,CN-)
Hydrogen covalent bonds (H2, H2O)
Stealing
Ionic bonding (NaCl, HCl)

14. Chemical Reactions
a) All atoms are balanced on each side of the equation
b) Can be endothermic or exothermic
ie water and photosynthesis