1. Classification
Grouping Like Organisms

2. Objectives & Vocabulary
Understand the need for a universally accepted naming system
Know Binomial Nomenclature
Know the Seven Levels of Taxonomy and their relationships to each other (simple to complex)
Vocabulary:
Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
Binomial Nomenclature
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. Finding Order in Diversity
1.5 million species identified
2-100 million species not discovered yet
To keep track of all this diversity, scientists have an organized naming system

4. Finding Order in Diversity
Taxonomy –science of classifying organisms and giving each one a universally accepted name
Why do you think it should be universally accepted?
What am I called?

5. Assigning Scientific Names
By the 18th century, European scientists knew they needed a universal system.
- Scientists communicate their findings in Latin and Greek, even today!

6. Early Efforts At Naming
The first attempt at standard scientific names described the physical characteristics of that organism
Example: “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges.”
Why is this a problem?
too long!
people choose different physical characteristics

7. Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus
Swedish botanist
Gave us our current naming system
“Binomial Nomenclature”
System where each species is assigned a two-part scientific name

8. Binomial Nomenclature
Common Name: Cat
Scientific Name:
Felis domesticus
Genus species
What do you notice about how the scientific name is written?
First word capitalized
Both words italicized

9. Scientific Names
Species often describes an important trait of that organism or where it lives
Genus (plural is genera) is a group of closely related species
Common Name: Grizzly Common Name: Polar Bear
Scientific Name: Ursus arctos Scientific Name: Ursus maritimus

10. Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Hierarchal  consists of levels
Each level is called a taxon (plural = taxa)
From largest to smallest:
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
How can I remember this?
King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

11. 5 Kingdoms of Living Things
From simplest to most complex:
Monera (Bacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

12. Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Grizzly and Polar Bears put them in the same genus. What about the Panda Bear?
Grizzly Bear Polar Bear Panda Bear
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus
** He has enough differences from the other two species that he has been placed in a separate genus

13. Relationships Between Groups
Genera that share many similarities (like the 3 bears) are grouped into a larger category, Family
Example Family: Ursidae
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

14. Relationships Between Groups
Families who share similar traits are grouped into a broader category, Order.
Example Order: Carnivora
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

15. Relationships Between Groups
What do you think similar orders are grouped into?
Class!
Carnivora is placed in the class mammalia
What is a mammal?
Body hair - Produce milk for young -Warm Blooded
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

16. Relationships Between Groups
Several classes make up a Phylum
Plural of phylum = phyla
Example:
Class Mammalia is grouped with: Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia & All classes of fishes into phylum Chordata (have dorsal hollow nerve cord/muscular tail)
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

17. Relationships Between Groups
All phyla with common characteristics in the broadest group: Kingdom
Ex: All animals are in the kingdom Animalia
Originally Linnaeus named only two kingdoms (Animalia & Plantae) but with new discoveries we now have five kingdoms.
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies

18. Where Do We Fit? Common pets’ scientific names:
What is the taxonomy of a human?
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primata
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: sapiens
Common pets’ scientific names:
Dog: Canis familiaris
Cat: Felis domesticus
Rabbit: Oryctolagus cuniculus
Guinea Pig: Cavia porcellus
Horse: Equus caballus