1. CHARLES’ LAW
A gas in a closed system at a constant pressure, the temperature and the volume are directly proportional.

2. CHARLES’ LAW
Directly proportional means that as the temperature increases, the volume increases.
Or as the temperature decreases the volume decreases.
Mathematically: V1 V T1 T2

3. CHARLES’ LAW
The balloon in the picture has a volume of 0.5 liters at a room temperature of 22oC.
What will the volume of the balloon be if put into some liquid nitrogen?
The liquid nitrogen is at -196oC.

4. KELVIN
Before doing anything, you must convert the temperatures to the Kelvin scale.
K = C +273
K = = 295 K
K = = 77 K
Now you can plug the numbers into the Charles’ law equation.

5. The volume goes down, down, down!
0.5 L V2_ 295 K 77 K Cross Multiply 295 V2 = 38.5 V2 = 0.13 liters

6. Practice Makes Perfect
Practice Problem #1:
A container with a volume of 148ml is at standard temperature. If the container is heated to 500 K, what is the new volume?
Standard Temperature: 0oC = 273 K
Practice problem #2:
A syringe is set at 7ml at a pressure of 25oC. If the volume is increased to 9ml, what is the new temperature?
Work these problems on your paper and then check your answer.

7. How did you do? Practice problem #1, the answer is 271ml
Practice problem #2, the answer is 110oC. (To get the correct answer, you had to convert 25oC to 298 K, the answer is also 383K)
Practice problem #3:
A basketball is inflated to 3.5 liters with an air temperature of 40oC. When the basketball is taken outside, the volume drops to 3.1 liters. What is the temperature outside?

8. Now it is time to move on to DALTON’S LAW
The answer is 4oC
Now it is time to move on to DALTON’S LAW

9. The sum of the partial pressures is equal to the total pressure.
DALTON’S LAW
The sum of the partial pressures is equal to the total pressure.

10. DALTON’S LAW The two containers have equal volume.
The containers are connected by a hose, but the valve is closed.

11. DALTON’S LAW The container on the left has a pressure of 500mm Hg.
The container on the right has a pressure of 300mm Hg

12. DALTON’S LAW P1 + P2 + … = Ptotal
If all of the gas from the left container is pushed into the right container, what is the total pressure of the gas?
P1 + P2 + … = Ptotal

13. DALTON’S LAW The total pressure is now 800 mmHg.
The sum of the partial pressures is equal to the total pressure.
Let’s try one practice problem. 

14. P1 + P2 + … = Ptotal
A 2 liter container has a gas with a pressure of 1.04 atm. Another 2 liter container has a gas with a pressure of 760mm Hg. If the two containers are combined into one 2 liter container, what is the total pressure?
Hint: Be consistent with units.

15. 2.04 atm
The easiest way to solve this problem is to convert 760mm Hg to 1atm.
From there, it is simple:
1.04atm + 1atm = 2.04atm