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Senses and Perception
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Spanish explorer thought it was a stream, when it really was 2 mile wide
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Senses and perception Senses – process in which we receive information from the environment (physical) Perception – Interpretation of environment to give it meaning (psychological)
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Information Processing
Top Down - Use of conceptual information and patterns to characterize the whole, the gist. Fastest method. Bottom Up – Use of data to process all of the information to come to conclusions. Most thorough.
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Green Blue Red Yellow
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Senses and Perception Threshold – the level of sensory stimulation necessary for sensation to occur Is this constant?
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Senses and Perception Adaption – the gradual loss of attention to unneeded or unwanted sensory information
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Vision
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Vision Rods - capable of receiving light energy in low levels
In retina’s periphery Not involved with color perception
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Vision Cones - involved with color perception
Three colors(red, green, blue) Blind spot at the optic nerve
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Audition Sound - mechanical energy typically caused by vibrating objects Cochlea - part of inner ear, contains fluid and receptors (cilia) Contributes to balance Sense directing of sound by how fast vibrations reach each ear
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Gustation(taste) Five tastes Sweetness Saltiness Sourness Bitterness
Umami Smell, touch, and temperature all affect taste
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Olfaction (Smell) Biggest factor in taste
Can evoke highly emotional memories
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Somesthesis – Mechanical Senses (Touch)
Skin Senses Senses temperature, pressure, and pain Pain - several stimulus affect pain Endorphins block pain
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Kinesthesis – communicates information about movement and location of
Kinesthesis – communicates information about movement and location of body parts, in joints and ligaments Vestibular senses – gives us sense of balance and knowledge of body position, in inner ear
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Perception Attention – consciousness is focused on particular stimuli
How do you decide what to pay attention to?
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Perception Attention – consciousness is focused on particular stimuli
How do you decide what to pay attention to? Change Uniqueness Relavent to us
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Gestalt – grouping smaller units into larger ones
Information is usually incomplete, the brain completes it Simplest is easier (chunking)
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Perceptual constancies – The perceived image remains the same despite changes in the retinal image of an object ex. Shape, size, color
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Depth perception Binocular cues – both eyes sees different images and gives us 3D (binocular disparity) Print out the simple jpg image below and place a piece of cardboard on the dotted line perpendicular to the paper. Rest your nose on the cardboard (yes, you are gong to look a little ridiculous). Focus each eye on the figure on the appropriate side of the cardboard. Try to fuse these two images into one single image. You may find it helpful to try converging your eyes by looking slightly cross-eyed. When you achieve a single image, it should look three-dimensional. Once you have achieved that, you might want to try the other stereoscopic image. Feel free to take a look here and try other stereoscopic images.
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Depth Perception Monocular cues – uses one eye
We judged depth using the size, texture, motion, and shadows of objects
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Why do optical illusions work?
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http://visual-memory. co. uk/daniel/Modules/FM21820/visper04
zulu’s circular life circular house and doorways
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Müller-Lyer illusion
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Why do optical illusions work?
The strategies we use to see the world cause us to misinterpret the sensory input
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