1. Cell Processes
cellular respiration and photosynthesis as they relate to the overall functioning of the cell

2. The CELL must undergo certain processes in order to ensure the survival of the organism as a whole.

3. Photosynthesis
Plants use light energy (sunlight) to combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to make simple sugars (C6H12O6)

4. Why is this important to us?
We cannot make our own food (glucose or energy) we must get our food from plants.
Plants are the first step in the food chain. THEY ARE KNOWN AS AUTOTROPHS
Auto means self –
troph means feeder

6. What is all this “food” (better known as glucose) used for?
It can be used by the plant to make energy in the mitochondria
It can be stored by the plants in vacuoles
It can be eaten by a consumer (heterotroph – hetero means other/trophs means to feed

7. What happens during photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts in plant cells capture light energy and use that energy to make glucose or “food”
Oxygen gas is also released as a by-product in this reaction

8. Photosynthesis

9. Cellular Respiration
ALL organisms break down simple sugars (C6H12O6) for the energy they contain – occurs in the mitochondria

10. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O +ATP
Sugar is broken down into Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O)
The Chemical Formula looks like this:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O +ATP
Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + water + energy
Or in English…….

11. What’s this energy for? To build new cell parts To repair cell parts
To reproduce cells

12. Where does it happen?
Cellular Respiration occurs in the mitochondria!!!

13. factors that affect cell structures and processes;
cell processes:
movement of materials: diffusion, osmosis, active transport, secretion
cell respiration and photosynthesis as they relate to the overall functioning of the cell (detail of the stages in the processes is not required)
enzyme activity and DNA replication;
factors that affect cell structures and processes;

14. Fermentation – anerobic
Provides energy for cells without using oxygen
Less energy released than through cellular respiration
Ex: single-celled organisms that live deep in the ocean or in the mud

15. One type of fermentation is known as Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in yeast and some single celled organisms
Alcohol is one of the products made when these organisms break down sugars
Also produces carbon dioxide and small amount of energy

16. Ex: Used by bakers and brewers
Carbon dioxide produced by yeast causes dough to rise and creates air pockets you see in bread
Source of bubbles in alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine

17. Another type of fermentation is known as Lactic-Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi (yeast), some bacteria like the Lactobacillus acidophilus. in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles.
Normally our muscles do cellular respiration; however, when oxygen is used up faster than it could be replaced it switches to Lactic Acid.

18. Lactic Acid Continued
Ex: running fast and your legs became tired. Lactic Acid builds up causing weak, tired, or sore muscles.
Once our muscles form lactic acid, they can’t do anything else with it, so until it is gradually washed away by the blood stream and carried to the liver (which is able to get rid of it).