1. The critical importance of chill
in dealing with climate change

2. plus volatility – high and low
Overall warming
plus volatility – high and low
Chilling prospect

3. ~25% higher yield Avoid heat stress and summer diseases
Fall-planted barley and climate change
Use incident precipitation and less irrigation
Avoid heat stress and summer diseases
~25% higher yield

4. Volatility
and
The lows

5. Winter survival
Low temperature tolerance
Induced response: No chilling, no LTT
A vegetative state trait: Be chill
Vernalization sensitivity
Maintain a vegetative state trait until sufficient cold units received: chilling requirement
Old school insurance trashed by climate change: a premature vegetative to reproductive transition – the Big Chill

6. Winter survival
Short day photoperiod sensitivity
Maintain a vegetative state trait until daylength > ~ 10 hrs: Be chill
Effective insurance against climate change-induced low temperature spikes

7. The genes
Low temperature tolerance
FR-H1, FR-H2, FR-H3
Vernalization sensitivity
VRN-H1, VRN-H2, VRN-H3
Short day photoperiod sensitivity
PPD-H2

8. Prospecting for more genes
Deploying the
new finds
TCAP-2,6-LTT
882
WS: 2 years worldwide
VS: Greenhouse
9K genotypes
Allele-specific assays
AMBA-2-LTT
382
WS: 2 years USA
VS: Greenhouse
50K genotypes
Allele-specific assays
Best WS 2, 6 X
2-row malting
Doubled haploids

9. TCAP-LTT
The finds: GWAS
Winter survival
Vernalization sensitivity

10. The finds: Genetic diversity tree for WS top 5%
TCAP-2,6-LTT
The finds: Genetic diversity tree for WS top 5%
I 61%
II 59%
III 58%
IV 60%
V 62%
VI 65%
VII 59%

11. The finds: Alleles at key loci for top 5% for WS
TCAP-2,6-LTT
The finds: Alleles at key loci for top 5% for WS
Facultative

12. AMBA-2-LTT The finds: GWAS Winter survival, 2018 - Ithaca, NY
VRN-H2
PPD-H2
VRN-H1
Winter survival, Ithaca, NY
Vernalization sensitivity – greenhouse

13. The finds: Genetic diversity tree for WS top 5%
AMBA-2-LTT
The finds: Genetic diversity tree for WS top 5%
95%
93%
Pedigree
Group
Admire-1 (DFG)/DH130004 1
Antelope/DH130004 2
KWS Scala/VA11B-143 3
MOB2301/DH 4
MOB2566/SC85942 5
MOB475/DH 6
NB10425/KWS Scala 7
NB10440/DH120293 8
Violetta/VA11B-141 9
96%
96%
95%
96%
Full Pint %
Thunder 65%
DH %

14. The facultative option
Hard-wired for low temperature tolerance and short-day sensitivity
No vernalization sensitivity
The option to fall-plant and/or spring-plant the same variety
Reduces risk
Maximizes opportunities
Streamlines seed production and end-use

15. The facultative option
Hard-wired for low temperature tolerance and short-day sensitivity
No vernalization sensitivity
The option to fall-plant and/or spring-plant the same variety
Take precautionary measures to maximize genetic diversity, or else….the green bridge brigs on

16. Genetics is an essential piece of the puzzle
But don’t forget agronomy and crop insurance
Maximize residue on soil surface; deep furrows
Create micro-climate, trap snow, protect from wind
RMA is there

17. Acknowledgements TCAP-2,6-LTT
The network, Maria Munoz-Amatriain, and Dustin Herb, USDA-NIFA
AMBA-2-LTT
The network, Javier Vasquez Hernandez, AMBA, Sierra Nevada Brewing
OSU Barley World Project
Past and present