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Korean WAR
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The Korean War Japan retreated Korea divided at 38th parallel
Soviet occupied north, U.S. occupied south 1949, both withdraw North lead by Kim Il Sung (Kim Jung Il’s father) South lead by Syngman Rhee
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The Korean War Invasion 6/25/50 North Korea surprise Domino Theory
Security Council authorized UN force to defend S. Korea Douglas MacArthur in command Congress did not declare war Truman calls it “police action”
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The Korean War Counterattack North Korea initial success
MacArthur makes amphibious assault behind enemy lines Advances near Chinese border China feels threatened, send troops to N. Korea One of the worst military defeats in U.S. history U.S. pulls back to S. Korea
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Korean War Truman vs. MacArthur
Mac calls for expanding war, bombing and invading China Truman cautions MacArthur MacArthur continues criticism of U.S. policy 4/51 – MacArthur recalled Support of Americans Truman called an appeaser
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Korean War Armistice Political Consequences Peace talks begin in 1951
Armistice signed in 1953 Political Consequences Containment – stopped communist advance No world War Expansion of military $ and footprint GOP called Democrats soft
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Korean War Military Deaths Civilian Deaths 54,000 Americans dead
92,000 wounded 400,000 Chinese dead 500,000 North Koreans dead 415,000 South Koreans Dead Civilian Deaths 2,000,000
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Korea Today (no notes) Still split
DMZ most heavily defended border in the world North Korean may have as many as 10 strategic nuclear weapons
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Red Scare and McCarthyism
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Security and Civil Rights
Loyalty Review Board ( ) Investigated 3 million federal employees Thousands resigned or lost jobs Smith Act Illegal to advocate or teach the overthrow of the government by force Illegal to join an organization with that cause
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Security and Civil Rights
McCarran Internal Security Act Over Truman’s veto Unlawful to advocate or support the establishment of a totalitarian government Restricted employment and travel of those joining Communist-front organizations Authorized the creation of detention camps
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Security and Civil Rights
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Est to find Nazis Investigated government officials, Boy Scouts, Hollywood film industry Blacklists, Hollywood 10 ACLU stands up for first amendment with little success
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Espionage Cases Alger Hiss Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
Nixon lead trial of State Department official Accused of leaking documents to Communists Convicted of perjury Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Early Soviet nuke test raised suspicions British scientist admitted to helping Russians FBI indicts couple for treason Executed
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The Rise of Joseph McCarthy
Joseph McCarthy (R) Wisconsin Claimed to have lists of Communists working in government Tactics Unfounded accusations Hurt democrats early Eisenhower wouldn't defend George Marshall Army-McCarthy hearings Exposed as fraud on national television McCarthy loses credibility, power
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