1. The Chemistry of Life Ms. Cole

2. The basic unit of matter.
Atoms
The basic unit of matter.
Are extremely small.
Made of:
Protons – positively charged
Neutrons – neutral
Electrons – negatively charged

3. Atoms
Nucleus

4. Protons and neutrons are found _________
Atoms
Protons and neutrons have similar masses. Electrons have a mass that is almost 0.
Protons and neutrons are found _________
Electrons are found in _________ _______
Atoms are electrically neutral
Equal # of protons and electrons

6. Elements Pure substance that contains one type of atom.

7. Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.
This causes them to have different atomic masses.
Have the same # of electrons
Have the same chemical properties

8. As a result some atoms are unstable and are called radioactive.
Radioactive isotopes
As a result some atoms are unstable and are called radioactive.
Labels/Tracers
Cancer Treatment
Dating fossils.
Nonradioactive carbon-12
Nonradioactive carbon-13
Radioactive carbon-14
6 electrons
6 protons
6 neutrons
6 electrons
6 protons
7 neutrons
6 electrons
6 protons
8 neutrons

9. Chemical Compound
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
What’s the
chemical formula?

10. Chemical Bonds: Ionic Bond
Form when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
What are ions?

11. Chemical Bonds: Covalent Bond
Form when electrons are shared between atoms.

12. Van der Waals Forces
Can develop between oppositely charged regions of molecules that are close together.
Do you see the gecko?

13. Part 2
Properties of Water

14. H2O Is polar due to uneven distribution b/t oxygen and hydrogen.
Water molecule attract to each other by hydrogen bonds.
O – negative charge
H – positive charge

15. Cohesion – attraction b/t molecules of the same substance.
Cohesion Vs. adhesion
Cohesion – attraction b/t molecules of the same substance.
Adhesion – attraction b/t molecules of different substances.

16. Solutions & Suspensions
Mixture – 2 or more elements or compounds mixed together but not chemically combined.
What happens when salt is mixed with water?
Solution – all compounds are evenly distributed
Solute – the substance that is dissolved (salt)
Solvent – the substance in which the solute dissolves (water is the universal solvent)
Suspension – some components do not dissolve (blood)

17. Acids & bases pH scale – indicates concentration of H+ ions.
Acid – compound that forms H+ ions in a solution.
Base – produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution.
Buffers – prevent sharp changes in pH.

18. Part 3: Carbon
Has 4 valence electrons
The most versatile element

19. Methane
Acetylene
Butadiene
Benzene
Isooctane

20. Macromolecules “Giant Molecules” Monomers – smaller units
Polymers – formed by monomers