1. African Politics Today

2. I. Democracy in Africa
Fully democratic countries: Ghana, Senegal, South Africa, Benin, Tunisia, Botswana, Gabon
In 1990 only 3 democratic

3. Stable Country: Senegal
A. Former French Colony
Wins Independence in 1960
Independence Movement led by Léopold Senghor
2. 90% Muslim
3. Wolof 43% of people
4. Recent Elections:
younger rival to
Pr. Wade, Macky Sall wins
5. Music exchange France- Senegal

4. II. Independence Movements
A. Rise of Nationalism occurs in 1950’s spurs desire for Independence
Nationalism: feelings for one’s land and people
B. Pan- Africanism inspires African nationalists
1. Idea that Africa can be unified
a. Africa shares common history & culture
b. Africa can unite against opressor

5. III. Factors Behind Independence
INTERNAL
Independence movements caused armed conflict
Strikes and protests costly and disrupted business
Educated Africans articulated their rights
EXTERNAL
International pressure: sanctions & media
World War II
Europe could negotiate and maintain control

6. IV. Causes of Instability after Independence:
Colonies were not run democratically
Dictators continued inequality
European Maps; many ethnicities
European presence continued in economic sphere
Cold War and end of support led to civil war

7. V. Africa’s Bright Future
A. More countries becoming democratic
Economic growth & Education
Spread of cell phones and social media exposes corruption
Growing numbers of young voters
Even in dictatorships people have elections (unlike China)

8. B. Economic Growth Africa has high growth rate (6%)
Chinese investment offers Africans new business partner
a. 750,000 Chinese living and working in Africa
2. Despite worldwide recession emerging middle class
3. Ethiopia 7.5%,
Ghana 13,5%,
Zambia 6.7%
South Africa 3.4%

9. Discussion Questions
What do you think was more effective in gaining independence, internal or external factors?
Why is the media telling us only about disease, poverty and war in Africa? What is missing from the story?
Do you think that Pan-Africanism can work to unite Africa?