1. The Human Body Define Anatomy and Physiology
Explain how anatomy and Physiology are related
Pg. 1-21

2. Anatomy vs. Physiology
Anatomy  the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and relationship to one another
Physiology  the study of how the body and its parts work or function.
Anatomy and Physiology are related because knowing the structure and shape of the body and its parts allows you to understand how the body functions

3. Levels of Structural Organization
Gross Anatomy
Large Structures
Easily observable
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small structures
Can only be viewed with a microscope

5. Integumentary System The external covering of the body, the skin
Waterproofs body
Cushions and protects the deeper tissue from injury
Temperature, pressure, and pain receptors located here to alert us of bodies surface

6. Skeletal System Consists of bone, cartilages, ligaments, and joints
Supports and protects the bodies organs
Provides framework that the skeletal muscle uses to cause movement
Stores minerals
Site of blood cell formation

7. Muscular System One function  Contract or shorten – movement
Maintains bodies posture
Produces heat
Formed by skeletal muscle
Three Types of Muscle
Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

8. Nervous System Fast acting control system
Sends and receives messages
Responds to irritants or stimuli internal or external
Activates muscles and glands

9. Endocrine System
Controls the bodies activities but more slowly then nervous system
Secretes regulatory hormones
Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism

10. Cardiovascular System
Use blood as the transporting fluid pumped by the heart
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Waste

11. Lymphatic System Compliments the cardiovascular system Stores WBC
Involved in immunity
Disposes of debris, bacteria, tumor cells

12. Respiratory System Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
Removes carbon dioxide

13. Digestive System A tube from the mouth to the anus
Break down food and deliver nutrients to the blood
Eliminates indigestible material

14. Urinary System Removes the nitrogen containing waste from the blood
Flushes waste out with urine
Balance and regulate acid-base balance of blood
Regulation of materials like water and electrolytes

15. Reproductive System

16. Necessary Life Functions
1. Maintain Boundaries
2. Movement
*Locomotion
*Movement of substances
3. Responsiveness *Ability to sense changes and react
4. Digestion *Break-down *Delivery of nutrients

17. Necessary Life Functions
5. Metabolism
*Production of energy
*Making body structures
6. Excretion
*Eliminate of waste from metabolic reaction
7. Reproduction *Production of future generation
8. Growth
Increasing of cell size and number

18. Survival Needs Nutrients Oxygen Water Temperature Pressure
Chemicals for energy and cell building
Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals
Oxygen
Required for chemical reactions
Water
60-80% of body weight
Provides for metabolic reaction
Temperature
Stable body temperature
Pressure
Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate
Survival Needs

19. Homeostasis Maintenance of a stable internal environment
A dynamic state of equilibrium
Homeostasis must be maintained for a normal body functioning and to sustain life

20. Communication through neural and hormonal control system
Receptor
Responds to changes in the environment
Sends information to control center
Control Center
Determines set points & analyzes information
Determines appropriate response
Effector
Provides a means for response to the stimulus

21. Homeostatic Control System

22. Homeostatic Controls Negative Feedback Most of homeostatic controls
Positive Feedback
Mechanisms are rare in the body
Increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and push variables further from original value
Ex: Blood Clotting at the birth of the baby
Negative Feedback
Most of homeostatic controls
Shut off original stimulus to reduce its intensity
Ex: a home heating system connected to thermostat

23. Language of Anatomy Position Direction Regions Structures
Special Terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
Exact terms are used for 

24. Orientation & Directional Terms
Superior
Inferior
The forehead is SUPERIOR to the nose
The navel is INFERIOR to the breastbone

25. Orientation & Directional Terms
Posterior
Anterior
The heart is POSTERIOR to the breastbone
The breastbone is ANTERIOR to the spine

26. Orientation & Directional Terms
Medial
Lateral
The heart is medial to the arm
The arms are lateral to the chest

27. Orientation & Directional Terms
Superficial
Intermediate
The skin is SUPERFICIAL to the skeleton
The collarbone is INTERMEDIATE between the breastbone and shoulder

28. Orientation & Directional Terms
Proximal
Distal
The elbow is PROXIMAL to the wrist
The knee is DISTAL to the thigh

29. Body Planes

30. Body Cavities
***Ventricle Cavity
Dorsal Cavity

31. Abdominopelvic
Regions
Abdominopelvic
Quadrants
Abdominopelvic
Major Organs

32. Body Landmarks

33. Body Landmarks

34. Video
com/watch?v=KqgTE RrYbQ4