1. The Integumentary System
Chapter 4 Lecture
Chapter 4
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The Integumentary System
Frederic Martini
Michael Timmons
Robert Tallitsch

2. Introduction
The integumentary system, or integument, is composed of skin, hair, nails, sweat, oil, and mammary glands.
Skin tells clinicians about the overall health of the body and can be used to detect some internal problems.
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3. Integumentary Structure and Function
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Figure 4.1 Functional Organization of the Integumentary System

4. Integumentary Structure and Function
Function of the integument includes:
Physical protection
Regulation of body temperature
Excretion (secretion)
Nutrition (synthesis)
Sensation
Immune defense
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5. Integumentary Structure and Function
Skin, or the cutaneous membrane, has two subdivisions:
Epidermis is the stratified squamous epithelium.
Dermis is the underlying loose CT.
Deep to the dermis is the subcutaneous layer.
Accessory structures include hair, nails, and many multicellular exocrine glands.
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6. Integumentary Structure and Function
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Figure 4.2 Components of the Integumentary System

7. Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells in the epidermis.
At least four different cell layers can be found on most areas of the body.
Melanocytes are pigment cells found deep in the epidermis.
Merkel cells are sensory cells.
Langerhans cells are fixed macrophages.
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8. Layers of the Epidermis
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Table 4.1 Epidermal Layers
Figure 4.3 Structure of the Epidermis

9. Thick and Thin Skin Figure 4.4 Thin and Thick Skin
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Figure 4.4 Thin and Thick Skin

10. The Dermis and Subcutaneous Layer
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Figure 4.2 Components of the Integumentary System

11. Dermal Organization and the Subcutaneous Layer
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Figure 4.7 The Structure of the Dermis and the Subcutaneous Layer

12. Figure 4.9a Accessory Structures of the Skin
Hair follicles and hair:
Hair is a nonliving keratinized structure that extends beyond the surface of the skin in most areas of the body.
98% of the 5 million hairs on the body are not on the head.
Hair follicles are the organs that form the hairs.
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Figure 4.9a Accessory Structures of the Skin

13. Figure 4.12 A Classification of Exocrine Glands in the Skin
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Figure A Classification of Exocrine Glands in the Skin

14. Figure 4.15 Structures of a Nail
Nails
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Figure Structures of a Nail

15. Local Control of Integumentary Function
The integument is able to respond independently of the endocrine system and nervous system.
Mechanical stress can trigger stem cell divisions resulting in calluses.
Regeneration occurs after damage.
The inability to completely heal after severe damage may result in acellular scar tissue.
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16. Aging and the Integumentary System
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Figure The Skin during the Aging Process