2. The Prevalent Causes of Non- Disclosure of HIV Status And Their Effect on Tema Municipality

3. RESEARCHERS
Nelson Doe Dzivor
STELLA AKUA TAWIAH

4. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
METHODOLOGY
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULT
INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESULT
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATION

5. INTRODUCTION
As in many other countries worldwide, HIV/AIDS is a threat to Ghana’s development
For PLHIV, the decision to tell someone about their condition means weighing enormous potential consequences, both positive and negative (Derlega, Lovejoy, & Winstead, 1998)
HIV/AIDS-related stigmatization remains a potent stressor.
Despite the negative consequence of disclosure, HIV/AIDS disclosure can help people protect themselves and others (Anyan, 2013).

6. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study seeks to;
Investigate the reasons for non-disclosure of HIV positive status
Investigate the gender disclosure rate
Investigate the outcomes of disclosure
Investigate the outcomes of non-disclosure.

7. METHODOLOGY
This study employs mixture of quantitative and qualitative design.
Data for analysis is primary data obtained by the help of structured questionnaires.
The researchers sampled from population of HIV/AIDS patients from Tema municipal, specifically, Tema General Hospital.
The sample size was statistically determined to be 300 patients.

8. METHODOLOGY Continue …
Due to unavailability of sampling frame, the researchers considered a non-probabilistic sampling approach (a convenience sampling technique).
The data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.
The association between independent variables and the dependent variables was ascertained using Binary Logistic Regression analysis.

9. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS - Demographics

10. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS - Demographics

11. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Demographics continue …
MARITAL STATUS
Percent
Never married
30.0
Married
40.0
Divorced .7
widow/Widower
17.0
Seriously in a relationship
7.0
Separated
5.3

12. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Demographics continue …
LENGTH OF CURRENT RELATIONSHIP
FREQ
Percent
More than 5 years 32
22.7
Exactly 5 years or less than
109
77.3
TOTAL
141
100

13. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Management

14. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Disclosure

15. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Disclosure

16. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Outcome of Disclosure
The study also reveals
That 95.2% of those who disclosed their status received emotional support from their partners while 4.8% do not;
That 88.5% of them still have normal relationships with their partners while 11.5% do not.
Also, 39.7% of them have their sexual lives healthier and
13% of them have their partners helping them to adhere to medication.

17. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Reasons of Non-Disclosure
Fear of being labeled bad people
86.7% of the reasons

18. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Reasons of Non-Disclosure
Fear of Physical Abuse
77.3% of the reasons

19. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Reasons of Non-Disclosure
Fear of breach of confidentiality
58.7 % of the reasons

20. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Reasons of Non-Disclosure
Fear of accusation of infidelity
14.7 % of the reasons

21. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Reasons of Non-Disclosure
fear of partners’ rejection
6.7 % of the reasons

22. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS – Outcome of Non-Disclosure
We also sought to know how the non-disclosures react to their non-disclosure status.
93.3% of non-disclosures are having normal lives,
6.7% of them feel burdened for not disclosing their current status.

23. INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS Predictor variables B p-value ODD RATIO
Gender(Male)
1.307
.000
3.695
Education(Ever)
-1.640
.194
Use of condom during sex (Yes)
-1.847
.158
Constant
.205
.536
1.228

24. INFERENTIAL ANALYSIS It is proven from the above table that:
Males are about 4 times likely not to disclose their status than females.
A person who had never had any form of formal education is 5 times (1/0.194) likely not to disclose his or her status than, a person who had had any form of formal education.
A patient who does not use condom during sex are 6.33 (1/0.158) times likely to non-disclose their status compared to those who use condom during sex

25. CONCLUSION
The study reveals that a significant proportion of the patients in the community have not disclosed their status to anybody for various fear reasons.
Though there are more females living with HIV status, males have higher non-disclosure rate.
However, educational status and use of contraceptive during sex have negative influence on non-disclosure rate.
Also, the majority of non-disclosures are living normal life.

26. RECOMMENDATION
Despite the encouraging results of disclosure, it was realized that a great proportion of patients delayed in their disclosure. We recommend that measures should be taken PLHIV to disclose their status immediately to partners to avoid risk of transmission.
We also recommend that HIV/AIDS related education should be intensified to deal with fear and stigmatization in order to achieve zero non-disclosure rate.
This study should be replicated on the national scale with statistically representative sample.
The Government should encourage and resource the existing health institutions to expand voluntary counselling and testing for HIV.
Agencies providing AIDS education programmes should put emphasis on developing life skills and counselling to enable a change of attitudes and to avoid HIV/AIDS.

27. THE END OF THE PRESENTATION
THANK
YOU