1. SPAG ReVISION
All you need to know!

2. NOUNS Objects, places, things, names
Proper nouns – capital letters, names
Abstract nouns – you can’t pick them up
examples: kindness, friendship, responsibility
Collective nouns – groups of objects/animals

3. EXPANDED NOUN PHRASES Words and phrases which describe the noun
Include ADJECTIVES – e.g. the ugly, old witch
Include ADJECTIVAL PHRASES which describe the noun
e.g. the ugly, old witch with the broomstick
So the EXPANDED NOUN PHRASE is all of the description of the noun

4. PRONOUNS I, you, he/she/it, we, they
my, our, your, him/her, us, them, their
mine, ours, yours, his/hers/its, theirs
myself, him/herself/itself, yourself ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Relative pronouns – WHO, WHICH, WHOSE, WHEN, WHERE, THAT

5. VERBS Actions, doing words Remember the verb ‘to be’
I am, you are, she/he is, we are, they are
Perfect / Imperfect
use the word has or have plus the past participle
e.g. has/had been
e.g. has/had swum

6. TYPES OF VERBS INFINITIVE verbs – to then the verb e.g. to run
IMPERATIVE verbs – commands start with imperative verbs e.g. Do the… Shut the… Shut the…
MODAL verbs – indicate possibility rather than certainty
can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, will, would, ought to
SUBJECTIVE form – FORMAL – requires that, requests that, claims that, essential that

7. VERB PHRASES Words and phrases which describe the verb
Include ADVERBS – e.g. the boy ran quickly
Include ADVERBIAL PHRASES which describe the verb
e.g. the boy ran quickly down the street
So the VERB PHRASE is all of the description of the verb

8. VERB TENSES CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE – is/was swimming
FUTURE TENSE – uses will
e.g. simple – I will swim
e.g. continuous – I will be swimming
e.g. perfect – I will have swum

10. ACTIVE / PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVE – the subject does the action directly
e.g. Jamal ate the banana
PASSIVE – the subject has the action done to it
e.g. The banana was eaten by Jamal.
Look for the word ‘by’ or ‘was’ in the PASSIVE.
e.g. The lady was chased down the street.
Subject
Verb
Object
Object
Verb
Subject

11. PHRASE or CLAUSE?
PHRASE – a group of words which make sense together but do not have a subject and a verb
e.g. the spooky, dark forest with a cheeky grin
CLAUSE – a group of words which make sense together and do have a subject and a verb
e.g. which he had already seen
SENTENCE – a complete thought which makes sense on its own with a subject and a verb. STANDS ALONE.

12. MAIN OR SUBORDINATE?
MAIN CLAUSE – Makes sense on its own entirely
There can be two main clauses and no subord clause
e.g. The dog ran to the park and the cat ate its dinner.
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE – Does not make sense on its own – relies on the main clause
While he was eating his dinner, Jonas watched TV.
Subordinate clause
Main clause

13. CONJUNCTIONS
CO ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS – join two main clauses together
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS – the first word of a subordinate clause
e.g. While eating his dinner, …

14. The POSITION word
time, location or movement
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE – the starts with preposition and ends with a noun
e.g. under the table
e.g. along the road
e.g. during the night

15. DETERMINERS The word before the noun – find them all!!!! his dinner
the animal
some sweets
two lions
first lesson
my books
any time
those footballers
DEFINITE ARTICLE
INDEFINITE ARTICLES

16. I or me?
Put your hand over the other person. Which makes sense ‘I’ or ‘me’?

17. DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH
CAN ALSO BE CALLED ‘REPORTED’ SPEECH
e.g. Mrs Ross claimed that she was the best headteacher in the world. (INDIRECT SPEECH)

18. punctuation

19. READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY!
I know you will be great!
READ THE QUESTIONS
CAREFULLY!