1. An Intro into Pharmacology

2. Pharmacology Two Categories: The study of drugs. Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics

3. Pharmacokinetics
The study of the 4 drug processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion, which is commonly referred to as the ADME process

4. Pharmacodynamics
Involves the effect of the drug on the site of action within the body, based on the drug concentration.

5. Important Vocab & Concepts
Drug Interactions
Dosage Forms
Routes of Administration
Drug Classifications & Category Exploration
Important Vocab & Concepts

6. Drug Interactions
Drug- Disease- A medication interacts with a disease or condition
Drug- Dietary Supplement- An herbal or dietary supplement interacts with a prescription drug
Drug-OTC- An OTC medication can interact with a medication, increasing or decreasing its effects
Drug- Laboratory- A drug may affect concentrations of specific laboratory values obtained, requiring additional testing
Drug- Nutrient- A drug may affect the levels of certain nutrients in the body

7. Practice
A patient with high blood pressure takes the decongestant Pseudoephedrine and it causes an addition increase in blood pressure.
Drug-OTC
Drug-Disease
Drug-Dietary Supplement
None of the Above

8. Practice
St John’s Wort can interact with oral contraceptives, making them less effective, causing breakthrough bleeding, or unplanned pregnancy.
Drug-OTC
Drug-Disease
Drug-Dietary Supplement
Drug-Nutrient

9. Practice
Flagyl, Metronidazole, can interfere with specific enzyme values, causing falsely low results.
Drug-Laboratory
Drug-Disease
Drug-OTC
Drug-Nutrient

10. Summed up… Drug Compatibility (What is it?)

11. Drug Compatibility
Inactivation of medications when compounds are physically mixed together prior to administration.
Example(s)...
ceftriaxone (Rocephin) and azithromycin (Zithromax) cannot be run through the same IV line as they are incompatible.
acetaminophen (Tylenol) and aspirin (Bayer) collaboratively together (potentiation). They are compatible.

12. REVIEW: DOSAGE FORMS

13. Dosage Forms Route of Administration Diagnosis of the Patient
Medications are manufactured in many different dosage forms depending on the characteristics of the drug itself.
Factors To Decide Which Dosage Form Should be Chosen:
Route of Administration
Diagnosis of the Patient
Availability of the Medication Desired

14. Dosage Forms Can Be Divided into (3) Different Categories: Liquids
Semisolids
Solids

15. Liquids Elixir Solution Emulsion Spray Enema Suspension
Inhalant Solution
Lotion
Solution
Spray
Suspension
Syrup
Liquids

16. Cream
Inhalant Powder
Ointment
Powder
Suppository
Semisolids

17. Caplet
Capsule
Lozenge or Troche
Patch
Tablet
Solids

18. Pregnancy Categories
The FDA has Developed 5 categories to indicate the potential of a drug to cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy.
These categories are based on risk to the fetus & available data. Categories A-D & X.
Category A- no evidence of risk
Categories D & X- showing severe risk.

19. REVIEW: Routes of Administration
Inhalation
Intramuscular
Intrathecal IV
Nasal
Ocular
Oral
Rectal
Subcutaneous
Sublingual
Topical
Transdermal
Vaginal
REVIEW: Routes of Administration

20. Therapeutic Equivalence
The FDA classifies drug products as therapeutically equivalent if the substituted product will have the same clinical & safety profile as the prescribed product.
Therapeutically equivalent products must contain:
The same active ingredient,
Be the same dosage form,
Have the same route of administration, and
Be the same strength.
They are then assigned a therapeutic equivalence code which can be found in The Orange Book.
(“AB” code is the most commonly seen designation)

21. Antibiotics Two Basic Types:
target bacteria in the body that cause infection.
Two Basic Types:
Bactericidal- work by killing the bacterial cell
Bacteriostatic- inhibits bacterial growth

22. Antibiotics Will decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
Antibiotics Will decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Can increase the action of warfarin.