1. ThermoChem Notes #1: Energy & Heat vs. Temperature
WNHS Chemistry

2. Types of Energy Kinetic Energy: Energy of a moving object.
Like….. PARTICLES!!!!!
Moving FASTER= More energy
Thermal (Heat) Energy: TOTAL KINETIC ENERGY of all particles in a substance.
Add all the KE up
Unit = JOULE (J)
Thermal Energy is EXTENSIVE

3. Ways Thermal Energy Moves
CONDUCTION: Transfer of energy through MATTER.
= from particle to particle (must have DIRECT CONTACT!!!)

4. Ways Thermal Energy Moves
CONVECTION: transfer of heat energy in a GAS or LIQUID.
= by movement of CURRENTS

5. Ways that Thermal Energy Moves
RADIATION: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES that directly transport ENERGY through a given space.
Does NOT need particles!! (can travel in a vacuum)

8. Law of Conservation of Energy
ENERGY cannot be created or destroyed!
HEAT GAINED = HEAT LOST
Yesterday’s lab showed this!
**Don’t forget the Law of Conservation of Mass!**
MASS REACTANTS = MASS PRODUCTS

9. Temperature
The AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Units: ℃ & K (Kelvin)
KELVIN = ℃ + 273
Zero Kelvin is called ABSOLUTE ZERO → Temp at which particles STOP moving (impossible)
Temperature is INTENSIVE **** (question 3)

10. Temperature Scales (just for comparison)
Melting/Freezing Point
Boiling/Condensation Point
Fahrenheit 32
212
Celsius
100
Kelvin
273
373
K = C + 273
C = K - 273

11. Heat Refers to the TRANSFER of energy from one substance to another.
Units: Calories and Joules
Speak in terms of HEAT…. Not “cold”
Heat is EXTENSIVE***
Always know: “Coldness” does not exist → just a LACK OF HEAT

12. Heat cont... CONDUCTOR: easily transfers energy. (Q4)
INSULATOR: resists transferring energy.
Nature’s Tendency → Heat transfers from an area of HIGH temp to an area of LOW temp! (Question 5&6)

13. Heat cont...
Put one hand on the table top and one hand on the wooden leg.
Why does the tabletop feel cold?
Tabletop → conductor
Wooden leg → insulator
Heat transfer HIGH (body) → LOW (table)