1. Leadership & Management
Discussion for Lesson 11:
Personality and Reflection as a Leadership Tool

2. Lesson 11 Reading Objectives
1. The student will comprehend and distinguish personality traits and psychological types.
2. The student will know his/her psychological type and describe the implications for his/her relationships and leadership performance.
3. The student will comprehend why introspection and reflection are valuable tools for a leader.

3. Lesson 11 Reading Objectives
4. The student will comprehend the Paul Principle and how to avoid it.  
5. The student will apply reflection and introspection to better understand their strengths and weaknesses as a leader.

4. Lesson 11 Discussion Objectives
1. The student will know their psychological type and describe the implications for their relationships and leadership performance. 
2.  The student will apply reflection and introspection to better understand their strengths and weaknesses as a leader.

5. Psychological Types
Psychological types help define cognitive styles, i.e., mental processes used to perceive and make judgments from information
Knowledge of these cognitive styles can help you relate better to people because you better appreciate how they make decisions
According to Psychiatrist Carl Jung, how people gather and evaluate information determines their cognitive style

6. Psychological Types Gathering Information Sensation type Individuals
Prefer routine and order
Search for precise details
Prefer to work with established facts
Intuitive type Individuals
Prefer overall perspective – “big picture”
Enjoy solving problems
Dislike routine
Prefer to look for possibilities

7. Psychological Types Evaluating Information Feeling type individuals
Need to conform
Adapt to others’ wishes
Avoid problems that may cause disagreement
Thinking type Individuals
Rely on reason and intellect
Downplay emotion in problem solving and decision making

8. Psychological Types
Cognitive Styles—two dimensions of information gathering and evaluation are combined to produce a four-way classification of cognitive styles:
Sensation/Thinking
Intuitive/Thinking
Sensation/Feeling
Intuitive/Feeling

9. Figure 11-2 goes here

10. Introspection and Reflection
Enables leader to realize gaps between who they are, who they think they are, and who they are perceived to be
The introspection process should be accomplished systematically, and should be done regularly with the help of an executive assistant, trusted friend or spouse

11. Introspection and Reflection
Establishing your schedule—how do you spend your time?
Establishing your priorities—what are they?
Examining your reliability—do you honor commitments?
How long are your meetings—are they short, brisk and to the point?
How well do you listen? Only by listening do you learn what’s going on
Are you feared, distrusted, like, respected or loved?
Are you a communicator—do you help people develop? Speaking & writing ability?

12. Introspection and Reflection
Are you a disciplinarian?
Do you enjoy your job?
Are you an innovator?
Are you flexible?
Are you physically and intellectual fitness?
Do you deflect or magnify pressure?
Are you tuned in or out of touch?
Are you a delegator?
Are you a non-drinker, drinker or alcoholic?
Are you an optimist or pessimist?
Are you religious? What are your ethics and values?

13. Introspection and Reflection
Are you a writer?
Are you ambitious?
Are you secure or insecure?
Are you a philanderer?
What is your integrity level?
Are you intense or relaxed?
Are you decisive?
Can you put mission, goals, requirements, responsibilities in a conceptual framework?

14. Exercises
Assigned groups will examine specified areas of the the Smith reading and present their findings to the class
Using information from the website, the instructor will ask students to identify their own personality type. Famous individuals with similar personality types will be highlighted.

15. Next Class The Power of Perception Read:
Leadership & Management, Chapter 12
Written Assignment 3 is due at the start of class on the day of Lesson 21

16. Summary
Knowing the different personality types, and how each may react to various situations can be a critical component of effective leadership
An accurate assessment and clear understanding of your own personality traits is an important prerequisite to understanding others
The reflective leader is able to analyze leadership situations in light of what he already knows