1. ESS 421 – Introduction to Geological Remote Sensing
Tuesday, 5 January 2010
ESS 421 – Introduction to Geological Remote Sensing
Prof: Alan Gillespie (JHN 343)
Office hours: T, W, Th 1-3 or by arrangement
TA: Iryna Danilina (JHN 330)
Office hours: Mon-Wed-Fri 2-3 or by arrangement
Lectures: Tuesday/Thursday 9:30-10:20 JHN-111
Labs: Tuesday/Thursday 10:30-12:20 JHN-366
Midterm: Tuesday, 9 February 9:30-10:20 JHN-111
Final: Wednesday, 17 March 10:30-12:20 JHN-111
Class website:

2. Class structure Model 2 (ESS 421) Model 1 Lectures Lectures Reading
Labs
Lectures
Labs
Reading

3. Lab Exercises ° one lab per week, handed out Tuesdays ° due the following Tuesday (or as noted in outline) in class
° lab files (e.g., “Lab_1.doc”) are available from the website ° print only the “Answers” file of the lab (e.g., “Lab_1-answers.doc”) &
turn in only this sheet to TA with your answers
late work will be docked 10% per day
° at the beginning of the lab on Tuesdays there will be a short one-page
graded quiz on the lab just turned in, plus reading for the past week.
Bring a sheet of paper for the answers and turn in to the TA.
° the labs just handed in will be reviewed after the quiz

4. Reading Assignments °Text is Lillesand, Kiefer, and Chipman “Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation” 6th ed. 2007, John Wiley ° Reading assignments in the text are augmented with other material available on class website

5. Examinations & Grading °Midterm and Final will both contain questions from the lectures, reading, and labs
° Midterm covers 1st half of class
°Final covers whole class with emphasis on 2nd half
Labs - 30% Lab quizzes - 20% Midterm - 20% Final - 30% Failure to turn in all work in each of the 4 categories above will result in an incomplete

6. Lecture 1: Introduction
Tuesday, 5 January 2010
Lecture 1: Introduction
Reading assignment: Lillesand, Kiefer & Chipman:
Ch 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.7, 1.10, 1.11
Ch 2.9 – Multiband imaging
App. A – Concepts & terminology (p )
App. B – Data and resources (p ) 1

7. Measurement from a distance -
What is remote sensing?
Measurement from a distance -
Hazardous locales -
“Denied terrain”
Nodong, N. Korea 2

8. What is an image?
X (longitude)
Y (latitude) 3

9. Images in combination with maps add to interpretive power
Geographic Information System (GIS) 4

10. Image visualizations display only a subset of the data
Images can be made at different wavelengths of light
l= mm
l= mm
l= mm
l=9.205 mm
l=8.735 mm l
l=0.870 mm
l=0.804 mm
l=0.658 mm
l=0.542 mm
l=0.462 mm Y
Image visualizations display only a subset of the data X
NASA MASTER airborne 50-band multispectral image 5

11. and displayed as color pictures
l= mm
l= mm
l= mm
l=9.205 mm
l=8.735 mm l
l=0.870 mm
l=0.804 mm
l=0.658 mm
l=0.542 mm
l=0.462 mm Y
R=0.658mm
G=0.542mm
B=0.462mm X
NASA MASTER airborne 50-band multispectral image
NASA MASTER airborne 50-band multispectral image 6

12. Spectrum l Only 3 bands at a time can be visualized this way…
but there is more information,
and can be shown in a spectrum
Spectrum
l= mm
l= mm
l= mm
l=9.205 mm
l=8.735 mm l
l=0.870 mm
l=0.804 mm
l=0.658 mm
l=0.542 mm
l=0.462 mm Y
R=0.658mm
G=0.542mm
B=0.462mm X 7

13. Spectra are different and convey information about composition
Note the scale change!
R=0.658mm
G=0.542mm
B=0.462mm 8

14. different wavelengths of light
Images can be made at
different wavelengths of light
l= mm
l= mm
l= mm
l=9.205 mm
l=8.735 mm l
l=0.870 mm
l=0.804 mm
l=0.462 mm
l=0.658 mm
l=0.542 mm Y X 9

15. They reveal different information about scene composition
THERMAL INFRARED
VISIBLE 10

16. Images are not limited to light reflected or emitted from a surface.
They can be made over time, or of derived or calculated parameters.
Increasing concentration of CO
Carbon monoxide at 500 mB, from NASA’s Terra/Moppitt 12

17. physics of remote sensing
How do remote sensing and GIS fit together in geospatial analysis?
Remote sensing
GIS
Image
processing
Analysis &
Interpretation
Operations
& acquisition
Engineering
Calibration
Validation
physics of remote sensing
Scanners
& data
project goals
scene
Knowledge 13

18. LKC App A: radiometric terminology (p. 742)
Radiant energy (J) [Q]
Radiant flux (J s-1 = W) [Ф]
Radiant intensity (W sr-1) [I]
Irradiance (W m-2) [E] Radiance (W m-2 sr-1) [L]
Spectral irradiance (W m-2 µm-1) [El] Spectral radiance (W m-2 sr-1 µm-1) [Ll]

19. The electromagnetic spectrum
Short l
High energy
High frequency
Long l
Low energy
Low frequency
In the spectrum, energy is dispersed by a grating or prism according to
frequency or wavelength
Gamma rays <10-4 µm
X rays µm
Ultraviolet µm
Visible blue B µm
Visible green G µm
Visible red R µm
Near infrared NIR µm
Shortwave infrared SWIR µm
Mid-wave infrared MIR µm
Longwave thermal infrared LWIR 8-14 µm
Microwave (Radar) 0.1mm-1 m
Radio 1 m - 10 km
Reflected sunlight
Thermally
emitted
radiation

20. What topics are covered in ESS 421?
physical basis of remote sensing
spectra
radiative transfer
image processing
radar/lidar
thermal infrared
applications 14