1. Photosynthesis

3. Parts of the Leaf sites of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
sites of photosynthesis
contains chlorophyll - green pigment (stem, unripe fruit, LEAVES)
Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll which drives the synthesis of organic molecules

4. Stomata (stoma): site of gas exchange
- CO2 in the leaf and O2 /water vapour out the leaf

5. Roots: water is delivered to the leaves vessels (xylem)and sugar is exported to the roots via the vessels (phloem)

6. Structures of a Chloroplast
Stroma: fluid within the chloroplast
Thylakoid: flattened membranes that contains chlorophyll
Grana: stacked thylakoids

7. Inside a chloroplast

8. Chemical Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Or reduced equation:
CO2 + H2O + light  CH2O + O2

9. Two Stages of Photosynthesis
Light reactions (photo)
Calvin cycle (synthesis)
Light Reactions:
-occurs in the thylakoid of chloroplasts
-light absorbed by chlorophyll drives a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to an electron acceptor NADP+

10. -NADP+ temporarily stores energized electrons -water is split in the process and therefore the light reaction of photosynthesis gives of oxygen as a by product -NADP+ gets reduced (gains 2 electrons and an hydrogen ion) by solar power and forms NADPH  this generates ATP by powering a phosphate to ADP

11. -This synthesis of ATP ( P + ADP ) is called photophosphorylation
-This synthesis of ATP ( P + ADP ) is called photophosphorylation. ** Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of two compounds: 1. NADPH (energized electrons) 2. ATP (energy currency of cells)

12. Calvin Cycle
-also known as dark reactions or light independent reactions -YET occurs in the light because it is powered by ATP and NADPH which require light -process involves synthesis of sugar (carbohydrate) -occurs in the stroma(fluid)

13. -Carbon fixation: incorporating CO2 from the air into an organic compound
-the fixed carbon is then reduced (gains electrons) to form a carbohydrate
-fixed carbon is able to be reduced due to the NADPH reducing power and ATP produced by the light reaction