1. Ancient Egypt

2. NILE HIEROGLYPHICS PHAROAHS MUMMIES

3. Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian civilization arose after Mesopotamia.
The empire centered around the Nile River DELTA for agriculture + irrigation
Two Kingdoms: “Upper Kingdom” to the south, “Lower Kingdom” to the North

4. In 3100 BCE MENES, king of Upper Egypt, united the two regions and used the Nile to link the two regions and as a trade route

5. Main Time Periods- The Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BCE)
Pharaohs organized a strong centralized state
Egyptians believed the Pharaoh had a divine right to rule because he was a god
Power passed from one dynasty to another, or ruling family to another
This period is characterized by the Pyramids that were used as tombs for the Pharaoh

6. Middle Kingdom ( BCE)
Over time Pharaoh’s lost power to the nobles and the political stability in Egypt disappeared
Famine and disease led to displeasure with the Pharaoh
A new dynasty rose to power and established the Middle Kingdom with a focus on trade with people around the Middle East
The Middle Kingdom fell to the Hyksos until the next Egyptian dynasty was able to drive them out and set up the New Kingdom

7. The New Kingdom BCE
Pharaoh decided the best way to protect Egypt from further invasion was to build a powerful military and seek out “buffer” lands between the Empire and their invaders
Queen Hatshepsut (ruled between BCE) she encouraged trade with many eastern Mediterranean lands along the Red Sea. She was also the first female to rule in her own name
Ramses II was the most powerful ruler ( BCE). He increased the empire size, build temples and monuments boasting of his conquests
Egypt began to decline after his death

8. Egypt: Social
Rich lived easy lives closest to the pharaoh, women had rights!
Poor spent life farming and selling trinkets as merchants/artisans
Slaves forced to build up the empire’s architecture
Writing system known as hieroglyphics: images for words

10. Hieroglyphics

12. Which Egyptian Kingdom holds the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea?
Plickers
Which Egyptian Kingdom holds the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea?
Lower Kingdom
New Kingdom
Old Kingdom
Upper Kingdom

13. Which Kingdom built the pyramids as tombs?
Plickers
Which Kingdom built the pyramids as tombs?
Lower Kingdom
New Kingdom
Old Kingdom
Upper Kingdom

14. What was the writing style of the Egyptians?
Plickers
What was the writing style of the Egyptians?
Pictograms
Hieroglyphics
Alphabet
Cuneiform

15. Society Art and Literature Medicine and Science
Physicians became skilled at observing symptoms, diagnoses, finding cures, surgery and medicines
Priests and Astronomers studied the heavens, charting movements of planets and stars- developed a calendar
Geometry was used to survey the land and build pyramids and temples and irrigation systems
Paintings, statues, poems, literature, temples, pyramids, and tombs give us a lot of information of daily life, trade, farming, religious ceremonies and battles

16. Egypt: Political
Egyptians were led by Pharaohs – seen as Gods on Earth
They controlled all of Egyptian society, economics, politics, and foreign-affairs
Some women were able to claim pharaoh status!

17. Mummification
Egyptians who could afford to do so would have themselves mummified.
They believed in a better afterlife if their body was preserved.
Poorer class were simply buried on the outskirts of cities

18. Egyptian Economy Economy was Traditional: based on farming and trade.
Egyptians traded up and down the Nile, with Mesopotamians and sometimes with Indus Valley (in Pakistan)