1. Carbohydrates=Carbon + water (1st macromolecule)
Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1— C:H:O or(CH2O)n n is usually 6 for simple sugars or saccharides Main function is energy storage for the body. Also makes up cell membranes.

2. N values ranging from 3-7 are called simple sugars, or monosaccharides
N values ranging from 3-7 are called simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Two monosaccharides= a disaccharide
Many carbohydrates=
polysaccharides.

3. Monosaccharides
C6 H 12 O 6 is the molecular formula= (element symbol and # of atoms).
Monosaccharides are fructose, glucose, and galactose. Often end in –ose. These are called isomers=same formula but different structure. They have different chemical properties.

4. Test is the benedict’s test-bright blue solution turns to red or orange when heated.
4 calories per gram
Only made of the elements C, H, and O

5. Dehydration synthesis=process that monomers are bonded together to form polymers. One monomer gives up OH- and one gives up H+. Water is formed. Anabolic reaction because it builds molecules.

6. 3 Disaccharides 1.Sucrose=glucose + fructose
2.Maltose=glucose + glucose
3.Lactose=glucose + galactose
Molecular formula for all 3 is C12 H22 O11
No chemical test

7. Polysaccharides 1. starch- in potatoes
2. glycogen- in liver and muscles
3. cellulose- in plants (gives it strength)
Test is Iodine-turns dark blue or black
Molecular formula is (C6 H10 O 5)n