1. The Fishing Industry In Canada
By: Melody, Rona, Paula and Hannah

2. Importance of Fishing
- Fish are important natural resource. Fish population that are managed carefully are considered a renewable resource. That’s because fish can reproduce.
- Many fish population are getting smaller because they are getting caught in larger numbers and don’t have time to reproduce.

3. Destructive Fishing Practices
The trawlers were trying to catch one kind of fish like cod.
In the process other kinds of fish were caught in the net. the unwanted fish, called “ by-catch” were tossed away.
Cod

4. Ocean Fish Caught in Canada
Groundfish
Ex; Redfish and Cod

5. 2. Pelagic Fish
Ex; Salmon and Tuna

6. 3. Shellfish
Ex; Lobster and Shrimp

7. Continental Shelf Edge of a continent that is under the ocean
Less than 200 meters in depth
Underwater landmass
Covered by shallow waters (Grand Banks)

8. Grand Banks
-Shallower parts on the continental shelf (less than 150 meters deep)
-A mix of the cold Labrador Current and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream
-Sunlight enters to the bottom causing a large amount of plankton to grow

9. Map of the East Coast Fisheries
Feature
Inshore Fishery
Offshore Fishery
Location
16-25 km away from shore
up to 370 km from shore
Percentage of the fishing industry labour force
85%
15%
Percentage of total catch
10%
90%
Ownership of boats and equipment
individuals and families
large companies
Type of employment
Self-employment
Unionized employees of fishing companies
Figure 23-6 : A comparison of the inshore and offshore East coast fisheries before the 1992 ban on catching cod.

10. Inshore Fishing Lifestyle vs. Offshore Fishing Lifestyle
-Fishermen return to shore everyday
-Small boats
-Boats stay close to shore
-Fishermen stay at sea for several days before returning with what they have caught
-Large boats (25m long)

11. “Inshore fishing is called a way of life and offshore fishing is a business”
This means inshore fishing is more of a hobby and offshore fishing more serious and often the fish that are caught are sold. Most offshore fisherman consider it a job.

12. How the East Coast Fishery Collapsed
Overfishing: More fish were caught than reached maturity. Sustained yield management did not occur.
Improved Fishing technology: As time passed by, less fish could escape the fishing nets because of the advance in technology that made overfishing easier.

13. How the East Coast Fishery Collapsed (Cont’d)
3. Uncontrolled Foreign Fishing:
In 1960s, the rush fishing in countries such as Russia and Japan were getting way more fish than sustained yield methods would have allowed.
Countries like Canada could then save their fish stocks.
In 1977, the United Nations allowed Canada to expand the control of the seas to 200 nautical miles.

14. Decline in the Number Of Groundfish
A lot of theories have been recommended to describe why their is a decline in the number of the groundfish.
As we all know fish are a renewable resource and should be well managed. if the number of fish each year does not overreach the number maturity in that year fish can be harvested forever.
This is called sustained yield management.

15. Changes in Natural Conditions
The changes in the environment order were accused for the fish stock decline. The two main changes that were identified are..
Lower Water Temperature.
The increase of the seal population.

16. -A cutback in the number of caplin reduced the stock of groundfish.
1. Lower water temperature and since the mid-1980s the ocean salinity levels changed. Many fish may have changed their routes to stay away from where these changes have happened.
2. Some people in the late 1970s have recommend that the decline in the sealing industry caused an increase in the seal population.
- They suggested that large numbers of capline was eaten by the greater number of seals.
-A cutback in the number of caplin reduced the stock of groundfish.
Caplin

17. Map of the West Coast Fisheries
Inshore fisheries - has a variety of salmon. - as well as herring, halibut, cod, crab, tuna, shrimp and oysters. Offshore fisheries -A huge amount of matured salmon is anticipated by British Columbia’s large modern fish fleet during the summer and fall because they escape their freshwater streams. - other seafoods that are caught : herring, halibut, cod, crab, tuna, shrimp and oysters.

18. The Collapse of the West Coast Fisheries
Scientists and politicians re-evaluated the fish management system due to its failures.
1. Overfishing
2. Changes in the Environment
3. Lack of a Fishing Treaty

19. Overfishing
In the 1990s, North American fishing industries were catching over tonnes of fish per year.
There were too few adult fish reaching the spawning rivers (production of offspring)
This also decreased the amount of major fish-processing plants in BC. (From 100 to fewer than 10)

20. 2. Changes in the Environment
Global warming caused the increase of temperature in the Pacific Ocean.
Salmon prefer to live in waters 7 degrees celsius or below. However the temperature of the water may exceed to their limits.
Salmon found in Canada

21. 3. Lack of a Salmon Fishing Treaty
Canada and the United States have disputes on rules on where salmon can be caught and how much can be taken by each country.
If both countries do not come to an agreement on this treaty, the amount of salmon that can be caught could become unbalanced, therefore having a possibility of the lost of this resource.

22. Challenges to the West Coast Fisheries
As the supply of salmon decreases, it is difficult to balance the share with these 3 competitors.
First Nations
Sport Fishing
Commercial Fishing

23. The First Nations
A Supreme Court guaranteed to the first nations that they are allowed to fish for their food, and as well as ceremonial and social purposes.
The right to fish is important to the First Nations in British Columbia.
Aboriginals in British Columbia fishing.

24. Sport Fishing These fishers want a bigger share of the salmon
Sport fishing is also called recreational fishing it is fishing for pleasure or competition.
Canada leads the world in foreign exchange earning from sport fishing.
In 2000 sport fishermen spent about 2.5 billion dollars on equipment and services directly related to this activity.
Example of a sport fishing boat

25. Commercial Fishing
Reduced catch than the First Nations and Sports Fishers
The government purchases commercial fishing licenses to reduce the numbers of commercial fishermen.
Example of a commercial fishing boat

26. Canada’s Freshwater Fishery
Canada’s freshwater (inland) fisheries are located in numerous lakes such as the Great Lakes, Lake Winnipeg and the Great Slave lake.
A big supplier of fish is from Lake Erie because they have whitefish, perch, pickerel and trout.
Lake Erie

27. Challenges of Canada’s Freshwater Fisheries
If there are more people fishing in freshwater place, the locals will have much more competition.
These people rely heavily on this body of water
Ex// the Aboriginals have to compete because that’s their source of food and is a part of their culture.

28. THE END