1. Passive
with exercises 1

2. Što je uopće pasiv?
pasiv nije glagolsko vrijeme (tense), nego način (voice)
rečenice koje sadrže objekt (direktni i/ili indirektni) mogu biti u aktivu (active voice) ili u pasivu (passive voice)
kod transformacije aktivne u pasivnu rečenicu ne smijemo promijeniti glagolsko vrijeme!

3. Zašto uopće trebamo pasiv?
pasivne rečenice su česta pojava u engleskom jeziku
koristeći pasivne rečenice pomičemo naglasak s osobe koja vrši radnju (subjekt rečenice) na samu radnju
npr. I made some mistakes. → Mistakes were made.

4. VAŽNO ZA TVORBU ZA PASIVNIH REČENICA
nužno je poznavati dijelove rečenice:
SUBJEKT: vršitelj radnje
npr. The manager wriites reports in his office every day.
PREDIKAT: glagol
npr. The manager writes reports in his orffice every day.
OBJEKT:
npr. The manager writtes report s in his office every day.
PRILOŽNE OZNAKE:
npr. a) The manager writes reports in his office every day.
b) The manager writes reports in his office every day.
nužno je poznavati i razlikovati glagolska vremena kao i nepravilne glagole

5. Tvorba pasivnih rečenica
objekt aktivne rečenice postaje subjekt pasivne rečenice
Subjekt aktivne rečenice se u velikoj većini slučajeva ne mora posebno izricati. Ukoliko ga želimo ili moramo izreći, koristimo by frazu i stavljamo ju na kraj rečenice.
[My grandfather]S founded [this company]O.
[This company]S was founded by my grandfather.

6. to be + past participle of the main verb
Što učiniti s glagolom?
u tvorbi pasiva ne mijenjamo glagolsko vrijeme, nego samo način!
pravilo za tvorbu pasiva je:
to be + past participle of the main verb
- glagol biti (to be) u glagolskom vremenu izvorne aktivne rečenice; npr. ako je aktivna u Present Simple, glagol biti također moramo staviti u to glagolsko vrijeme (am/is/are)
- past particip (past participle) glavnog glagola

7. Pasiv u nekoliko koraka ...
Aktivna rečenica:
We keep documents in folders.
1. korak
1. Odrediti subjekt i objekt aktivne rečenice.
S O
2. korak
Objekt aktivne rečenice postavimo kao subjekt pasivne rečenice. s
Documents ...

8. Odredimo glagolsko vrijeme u aktivnoj rečenici: keep Present Simple.
We keep documents in folders.
3. korak
Odredimo glagolsko vrijeme u aktivnoj rečenici: keep Present Simple.
Pravilo: glagol to be moramo staviti u Present Simple, dakle am, is ili are (ovisno o licu).
Glagol keep je glavni glagol i njega stavljamo u past participle, dakle kept.
Documents are kept in folders.

9. 4. korak
Ostatak rečenice (priložnu oznaku) smo prepisali, a subjekt glavne rečenice u ovom slučaju nismo uključili.
Aktivna rečenica:
We keep documents in folders.
Pasivna rečenica:
Documents are kept in folders.

10. Primjeri za Present Simple
A: [We]S wash [our car] O every weekend.
P: [Our car] S is washed every weekend.
A: [They] S repair [the bridge]O every two years.
P: [The bridge] S is repaired every two years.
A: [The company] S produces [its products]O in Osijek.
P: [The products] S are produced in Osijek.

11. Ostala SIMPLE glagolska vremena
Podsjetimo na pravilo:
to be + V-ed (past participle)
Past Simple
They broke the window.
The window was broken.

12. to be + V-ed (past participle)
Present Perfect Simple
I have sold our old house.
Our old house has been sold.

13. to be + V-ed (past participle)
Past Perfect Simple
They hadn’t collected the rubbish.
The rubbish hadn’t been collected.

14. to be + V-ed (past participle)
Future Simple
They will meet you at the station.
You will be met at the station.

15. Pasiv ‘SIMPLE’ vremena u tablici ...
TENSE/VERB FORM
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Present Simple
Present Continuous
keeps
is keeping
is/are kept
is being kept
Past Simple
Past Continuous
kept
was keeping
was/were kept
was being kept
Present Perfect Simple
has kept
has/have been kept
Past Perfect Simple
had kept
had been kept
Future Simple
Going to Future
will keep
going to keep
will be kept
going to be kept

16. EXERCISE 1: Active or Passive?
These cars produce / are produced in Japan .
German is spoken / speaks in Austria.
Lots of houses have destroyed / have been destroyed by the earthquake .
Henry Ford was invented / invented the assembly line.
Somebody cleans / is cleaned the office every day.
Somebody will send / will be sent s.
The grass cuts / is cut every day.
Paul found / was found the key.
The computer fixed / was fixed yesterday.
Who painted / was painted The Mona Lisa?
The exam is writing / is being written by the students.
12. The professor is going to share the ppt online/ is going to be shared online.

17. KEY TO EXERCISE 1: These cars produce / are produced in Japan .
German is spoken / speaks in Austria.
Lots of houses have destroyed / have been destroyed by the earthquake .
Henry Ford was invented / invented the assembly line.
Somebody cleans / is cleaned the office every day.
The secretary will send / will be sent s.
The grass cuts / is cut every day.
Paul found / was found the key.
The computer fixed / was fixed yesterday.
Who painted / was painted The Mona Lisa?
The exam is writing / is being written by the studets.
12. The professor is going to share the ppt online/ is going to be shared online.

18. EXERCISE 2: Change active into passive!
They grow coffee in Kenya.
They publish The Times newspaper in London.
They transport oranges from Valencia to Germany.
His boss is going to open a new subsidiary.
The police took him away.
They didn't punish him for what he did.
Everyone saw them.
The police brought him here.
The firefighters didn’t save the women.
All the students will write the exam.
The employee is typing an .
Thomas and his brother have built that house.

19. KEY TO EXERCISE 2: Coffee is grown in Kenya.
The Times newspaper is published in London.
Oranges are transported from Valencia to Germany.
A new subsidiary is going to be opened by his boss.
He was taken away by the police.
He wasn’t punished for what he did.
They were seen by everyone.
He was brought here by the police.
The women wasn’t saved by the firefighters.
The exam will be written by all students
An is being written by the employee.
That house has been built by Thomas and his brother.

20. Continuous glagolska vremena
Continuous glagolska vremena tvore pasiv na isti način, iako se continuous oblici za glagol to be inače ne koriste često:
to be + V-ed (past participle)
Present Continuous
They are repairing the bridge.
→ The bridge is being repaired.
Past Continuous
They were carrying the injured player off the field.
→ The injured player was being carried off the field.

21. Modalni glagoli Modalni glagoli (modal auxiliary verbs) su:
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, need, dare, used to
Također mogu tvoriti pasiv i to koristeći pasivni infinitiv:
(present infinitive) to keep > to be kept
(perfect infinitive) to have told > to have been told

22. uz sebe vežu infinitiv bez ‘to’ You must/should shut these doors.
Modalni glagoli
uz sebe vežu infinitiv bez ‘to’
You must/should shut these doors.
These doors must/should be shut.
They should/ought to have told him.
He should/ought to have been told.

23. PASIV U TABLICI TENSE/VERB FORM ACTIVE PASSIVE Present Simple keeps
is/are kept
Present Continuous
is keeping
is/are being kept
Past Simple
kept
was/were kept
Past Continuous
was keeping
was/were being kept
Present Perfect Simple
has kept
has/have been kept
Past Perfect Simple
had kept
had been kept
Future Simple
will keep
will be kept

24. Pasiv u koracima - skraćeno
Odrediti S, V, O
O (A) → S (P)
S (A) → by (P)
V (A) → V (P) (pažnja: LICA)

25. Objekt i pasivne rečenice
Samo glagoli koji imaju objekt mogu imati pasivni oblik:
[John] S swimms [every day]A. - no O, no passive!

26. Glagoli s dva objekta [They] offered [us] Oi[a new flat]Od.
Neki glagoli mogu uz sebe imati dva objekta, direktni i indirektni (Od i Oi). Bilo koji od ta dva objekta može biti subjekt pasiva.
[They] offered [us] Oi[a new flat]Od.
Oi: [We] Swere offered a new flat.
Od: [A new flat] Swas offered to us.
Kada indirektni objekt postaje subjekt pasivne rečenice, mora biti u nominativu:
I’ll send her the books. → She will be sent the books.

27. I još o objektima
Cijeli objekt postaje subjekt pasivne rečenice, bez obzira koliko ‘dugačak’ bio:
He frightened [the pretty girl standing in the dark corner].
[The pretty girl standing in the dark corner] was frightened.

28. Upotreba pasiva
Kada nije potrebno spominjati vršitelja radnje (agent), jer je jasno iz konteksta tko ju vrši:
The streets are swept every day.
Your hand will be X-rayed.
Kada ne znamo, ne znamo točno ili smo zaboravili tko vrši radnju:
The minister was murdered.
My car has been moved!

29. Upotreba pasiva
Ako je subjekt aktivne rečenice općenit, npr. people, one:
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods.
This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
Kada nas više zanima radnja, nego onaj tko ju vrši:
The house next door has been bought (by Mr Jones).
A new public library is being built (by our local council).

30. Upotreba pasiva
Ponekad se koristi iz psiholoških razloga, kako bi se ogradili od odgovornosti prilikom priopćavanja neugodnih vijesti:
Overtime rates are being reduced/will have to be reduced.
This letter has been opened! (Tom suspects Bill, but wishes to avoid giving the name)

31. Navođenje vršitelja radnje
Ako ipak želimo ili zbog smisla rečenice moramo navesti vršitelja radnje, koristimo by + akuzativ (zamjenice):
He was brought up by his (her) aunt.

32. He was killed with a knife.
Instrument
Ako želimo spomenuti instrument korišten za vršenje radnje koristimo with:
He was killed with a knife.

33. Negacije u pasivnim rečenicama
Usporedite sljedeće rečenice:
You can’t do anything.
> Nothing can be done.
We are not doing enough.
> Not enough is being done.
> It is not being done enough.
Nobody has seen him.
> He hasn’t been seen.

34. Upitne rečenice Upitne rečenice moraju ostati upitne i u pasivu:
Did you write that note on the fridge?
> Was that note on the fridge written by you?
Has he posted my letters?
> Have my letters been posted?
Are they producing BMW in Germany?
> Is BMW being produced in Germany?

35. Exercises Our company builds roads/one road every year.
Roads are built every year by our company.
One road is built every year by our company.
Our company is building two roads/a hotel.
Our company built a hotel/4 hotels last year.
Our company was building a hotel/five hotels.
Our company has built a hotel/five hotels so far.
Our company had built a hotel/five hotels before 1986.
Our company will build a hotel next year.
Our company could build a hotel.
Our company must build five office buildings for a foreign customer.