1. Antebellum Era A Few Long-term Causes of the Civil War 1861 1776
** Founders thought the country was an experiment!!!
1861
1776
A Few Long-term Causes of the Civil War
Slavery ( , nature of American slavery)
Ambiguities of the U.S. Constitution (1787)
Can states leave the Union? * Is the Constitutional Union perpetual?
Westward Expansion & “Manifest Destiny” (1803 – 1850)
The issue of expansion of slavery
into the western territories is
what led the Southern states
to secede.

2. Review Questions
(1) The central question regarding the ambiguity of the Constitution relating to States Rights’ is _____________.
A. Are slaves really worth only 3/5ths of a person
B. Does the president have the authority to regulate
slavery
C. Are states able to leave the Union
D. Are slave owners able to take their to any state or
territory

3. Review Questions
(2) The Second Great Awakening of 1800 to 1830 featured Protestant Christian revivals that motivated enthusiasm for moral and cultural reforms including the _____________, which had the effect of dividing the states of North and South.
A. Temperance Movement
B. Poverty Reforms
C. Abolitionist Movement
D. Public School Movement

4. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s)
“Circuit Riders” …
Appeal to reform society …
Liberator, William Lloyd
Garrison (1831 – 1865)

5. Conveys “Manifest Destiny”
The painting is called “American Progress” by John Gast

6. Missouri Compromise (1820)
Maine becomes a
free state
(2) Missouri becomes a slave state
(3) Slavery prohibited north of 36 d. 30’
(4) Slavery allowed into Arkansas Territory south of 36 d. 30’

7. Adding new territory always adds to tension between North and South and leads to the questions –
(1) Will this new territory allow slavery? and
(2) How do we maintain the balance between free and slave states?

8. Mexican-American War, 1846-48
- U.S. decision to annex Texas in 1845 brings war.
- U.S. provokes war with Mexico.

9. Mexican Cession (1848) ** Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Increased the size of the U.S. by 1/4.
Modern states of Utah, Nevada, and California and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming
Wilmot Proviso – proposed legislation to ban slavery from “Mexican Cession”; proposed in 1846, ‘47, & ‘48

10. Review Questions
(3) The following event, called _____________, included California becoming a free state, the Fugitive Slave Law, and slavery possibly being allowed in the Mexican Cession.
A. Popular Sovereignty
B. Missouri Compromise
C. Wilmot Proviso
D. Kansas-Nebraska Act
E. Compromise of 1850

11. of 1850 Compromise (1) Texas surrenders territorial claims
(2) California a free state
(3) Slavery not restricted in Mexican Cession, so
“popular sovereignty” in Utah and New Mexico territories
(4) Slave trade banned in Washington D.C.
(5) Fugitive Slave Act

12. Review Questions
(4) A law angering a lot of Northerners, called ____________, which led to the passage of personal liberty laws in Northern states.
A. Popular Sovereignty
B. Fugitive Slave Act
C. Wilmot Proviso
D. Compromise of 1848

13. Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
After accusation, only an affidavit or testimony leads to arrest
Accused has no right to testify
Federal commissioners have incentive to rule in favor of slave catcher:
Get $10 if judged slave
Get $5 if judged free
U.S. Marshals could deputize citizens to round up “escaped slaves”

14. Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM”
Rise of Abolitionism in North (post-1830’s)
Appeal to reform society …
Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison
(1831 – 1865)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

15. Review Questions
(5) The U.S. Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), an attempt by Scott and his wife to sue for their freedom, did Not include ________________, which of the following decisions by Chief Justice Roger Taney.
A. “The [African American] had no right the white man is bound to respect.”
B. The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional
C. Only the President can limit the extension of slavery, not the Congress
D. African Americans cannot sue and are not citizens of any state
E. Slave owners may bring their slaves into any territory or state of their choice, because slaves are property

16. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** Taney Court decides:
(1) Dred Scott remains a slave
(2) African-Americans not citizens of any state
Supreme Court decides black people cannot bring suit in court
(3) Protects property of slave-owners
The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
Slavery protected by 5th Amendment
Slaves can be taken anywhere
(4) Congress cannot make any laws respecting slavery

17. Review Questions
(6) President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after the Union victory at the ______________
A. Battle of Gettysburg
B. Battle of Fort Sumter
C. Battle of Antietam
D. Siege of Vicksburg

18. Abraham Lincoln February 12, 1809 - Lincoln is born.
** Description of birth, upbringing, and education
Marries Mary Todd Lincoln
    
1855 & Loses legislature’s vote for the Senate for Illinois.   
Nov. 6, Wins 1860 Presidential Election
Sept. 22, Issues Emancipation
Proclamation
Nov. 19, Delivers the “Gettysburg
Address”  
Nov. 8, Wins 1864 Presidential Election
April 9, General Lee surrenders
April 14, Shot by John Wilkes Booth and dies the next day
Abraham Lincoln

19. Emancipation Proclamation
Who is freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?
Slaves in the South, not border states nor states already under Union authority
What did it achieve?
Technically, did not immediately free any slaves
Pledged the Union Army to assist in freeing slaves
Encouraged African Americans to join Union Army
By what powers did President Lincoln achieve this?
“War Powers” outlined in Constitution as Commander-in-Chief
How did this change the war for the Union?
Means the North is fighting to save the Union and is fighting to abolish slavery

20. “America, The Story of Us – Civil War” video concerning, interesting facts about day-to-day aspects of Civil War life:
Minie ball …
Civil War soldiers pinning names on uniforms …

21. Review Questions
(7) The following battle, the Battle of __________, a Northern victory, prevented France or Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy which could have led to financial aid.
A. Gettysburg
B. Vicksburg
C. Antietam

22. Civil War Battles
(8) The first battle of the Civil War, this was an attack by the Confederacy upon a major base guarding Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, as this fortress fell into Confederate hands on April 13, 1861.

23. (9) What battle involved these famous scenes of battle?
“Little Round Top”
(9) What battle involved these famous scenes of battle?
“Pickett’s Charge”

24. Civil War Battles
(10) Gettysburg – three-day battle, fought from 1 July – 3 July Was a major turning point in the war, as the Confederacy never again tried to attack Northern soil. The Army of Northern Virginia lost more than 20,000 men, 1/3 of its army.

25. Civil War Battles
(11) Taking place from 22 May to 4 July, 1863, this battle was a major turning point, leading to the Union possessing all of the Mississippi River, an important part of the Anaconda Plan.

26. Serving in the Army 1863, New York City Draft Riot …
1861, initially, soldiers volunteered …
1862, Confederacy begins a draft …
Draft Act of 1863 …
Hiring a substitute / $300 fine