1. An in vivo Large Animal Model to Study Impact-induced Cartilage Injury and the Development of Early Posttraumatic Ankle Osteoarthritis 
M.L. Delco, E.D. Bonnevie, P.G. Alexander, R.S. Tuan, L.J. Bonassar, L.A. Fortier 
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 
Volume 25, Pages S309-S310 (April 2017)
DOI: /j.joca
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2. Fig. 1. Ex vivo and in vivo model development
Fig. 1. Ex vivo and in vivo model development. A) Spring-loaded impactor instrumented with internal load cell to measure force (F) and a linear variable displacement transducer (LVDT) to measure displacement, 2 impact tips (s and L; inset) B) Impact F was converted to stress using impact area measured on pressure sensitive paper to determine relationship between F and stress. C) Impacts were applied to tali in areas (4 & 6) of highest incidence of osteochondral lesions in humans. D) Arthroscopic view of impacts (arrows) on the medial trochlea of the talus. Small impact tip (star) within joint. E) Post mortem; India ink marks impacts (arrow heads).
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  , S309-S310DOI: ( /j.joca )
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