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Chapter 14.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 14."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 14

2 Westward Expansion 1850: half of Americans under 30
Population doubling every 25 years

3 Pioneers Hard lives Spread out Harsh living conditions

4 Environmental Impacts
Exhausted land, moved on Beaver and buffalo almost extinct “ecological imperialism” George Gatlin- 1872

5 US Growing 1860: 13 states to 33 US 4th most populous in the world (Russia, France, Austria)

6 Urban Growth 1790: 2 cities w/ over 20,000 people 1860: 43

7 Urbanization brings problems
No infrastructure Cities poorly laid out Impure water, sewage problems Animals

8 Growth in population: Birth rate Immigration (Europe)

9 Irish Potato famine (2 million people dead)
Settle in the east (NY and Boston) 2 million immigrated b/w

10 Germans : 1.5 million Mostly farmers and some political refugees Influenced American culture: Christmas trees Public education (kindergarten) Anti-slavery

11 Nativism and Antiforeignism
“outbreed, outvote, and overwhelm” the native Americans Jobs Catholic v. Protestant- schools

12 Industrial Revolution

13 Technological Advancements in America
Textile machines Steam engines Interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney) Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) Canals (Erie) Railroads Telegraph Factories (Samuel Slater)

14 Shift in America Subsistence farming to producing goods Entrepreneurs

15 Lowell System Young women 8 hrs/day Town built around a factory

16

17 Cultural Trends during TP #4
2nd Great Awakening Women’s Rights Utopian Societies Transcendentalism

18 Causes of the 2nd Great Awakening
Late 1700s-early 1800s: “religious liberalism” Deism Unitarianism

19 The 2nd Great Awakening 1800-1820ish
Begun in the south, spread throughout country “camp meetings”

20

21

22 “feminization of religion”
Membership and participation

23 Itinerant Preachers Charles Finney

24 Religious diversity Methodist and Baptist churches split over slavery
Mormons/LDS

25 Mormon Leaders

26

27 2nd Great Awakening: Religious revival in response to liberalism
Early 1800s Feminization of religion Itinerant preachers “Religious variety”

28 Women’s Rights Education Participation in reform movements
Equality/Seneca Falls

29 Education Too much education “injured the feminine brain, undermined health, and rendered a young lady unfit for marriage”

30 Higher education for women
Oberlin College Mount Holyoke College

31

32 Reform Movements Spurred by 2nd Great Awakening
Debtors, criminals, mentally challenged

33 Dorothea Dix Campaigned against “insane asylums”

34 Gender differences Women: Could not vote
Could be beaten by husband with a “reasonable instrument” Did not retain property rights “Cult of domesticity”

35 Move towards equality 10% of women remained “spinsters”

36 Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Refused to say “obey” in her marriage vows

37 Susan B. Anthony One of the most aggressive and famous

38 Elizabeth Blackwell First female graduate of medical school

39 Lucy Stone Kept maiden name

40 Amelia Bloom “Gibbey, gibbey gab The women had a confab
And demanded the rights To wear the tights Gibbery, gibbey gab”

41 Seneca Falls Convention
New York- 1848 Declaration of Sentiments “all men and women are created equal” Right to vote for women

42 Abolition Harriet Beecher Stowe

43 Utopian Societies “lunatic fringe”

44 Oneida Community Free love (“complex marriage”) Birth control
Eugenic selection of parents

45 Shakers Monastic customs- no marriage Died out

46 Transcendentalism Truth cannot be found by observation alone, every person possesses an inner light that will illuminate truth. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

47 Walden: Or, Life in the Woods
“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms.”


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