1. Endangered Species Management Chapter 16

2. Protected Fishes 743 native species in US & Canada
418 species (56%) receive some degree of endangered species protection
235 species (32%) are fully protected in all or part of their range by some governmental agency

3. The Problems Habitat modification (98%)
Other natural, human factors (intro of exotics) (37%)
Restricted range (16%)
Overexploitation (3%)
Disease (2%)

4. The Result
Blue pike
27 species, 13 subspecies have gone extinct in North America in past century

5. Today’s Endangered/Threatened Species
Blue pike
80% in SW or SE United States
60% are stream fishes (90% warmwater)

6. Problem Areas
Death Valley - water withdrawals

7. Problem Areas
Colorado River basin - habitat loss/modification, introduction of nonnative species

8. Problem Areas
Western trouts - introgression with nonnative trout

9. Management Today Maintain/enhance historic populations
Protect, expand, restore habitat
Move specimens to refugia

10. Management Today Rear/stock in additional habitats
Minimize conflict with nonnative species
Control exploitation

11. Today’s Trend
Movement away from single-species approach to ecosystem approach
Inherent need to recognize importance of nongame fishes