1. Organic Nomenclature – The Basics

2. Organic Nomenclature Naming compounds that contain Carbon and Hydrogen
Hydrocarbons: Contain only H and C

3. Alkanes Saturated Hydrocarbons (Max. # of H) Only single bonds
CnH2n+2 for chains
CnH2n for cyclic structures

4. Naming Unbranched Alkanes
Determined by # of Carbons, end in -ane
1: meth- 5: pent- 9: non-
2: eth- 6: hex- 10: dec-
3: prop- 7: sept-
4: but- 8: oct
C6H14 : Hexane C3H8 : Propane
CH4 : ? C4H10 : ?

5. Branched Alkanes Alkyl Group: branch with ONLY H and C
Methyl: 1 C: -CH3
Ethyl: 2 C: -CH2CH3
Propyl: 3 C: -CH2CH2CH3

6. Naming Alkanes
Find longest C chain containing the most substituents, count C, write name
Number C from closest substituent
Name substituents in alpha order
-More than one of each type use di-, tri- prefixes
Indicate positions of substiuents
Add commas between #s and hyphens between # & letter

7. Alkenes (pg. 79) Hydrocarbons with at least 1 double bond CnH2n
Unsaturated Carbons
Prefixes are same as alkanes, ending –ene
C2H4 : ethene C4H8 : butene

8. Alkynes Hydrocarbons with at least 1 triple bond CnH2n-2
Unsaturated Carbons
Prefixes are same as alkanes, ending –yne
C3H4 : propyne C4H6 : butyne

9. Naming Alkenes & Alkynes
Follow Alkane Rules
Looking for longest chain that contains double bond (-ene) or triple (–yne)
Multiple double or triple bonds add prefix (di-, tri-) and location before ending
Ex: Prop-1,2-diene or 1,2-propdiene