1. Glaciated Landscapes

2. What are the processes of glacial erosion?
They erode by two main processes
As a glacier moves down a valley, it creates pressure on the land which creates heat. This melts part of the glacier
This water runs into small cracks, it the refreezes as it gets colder (freeze-thaw)
The glacier also plucks rocks off the valley as it moves, this is known as plucking

3. How does freeze-thaw provide material for abrasion and form moraines?
Freeze-thaw only works when the temperature changes enough from day to night
The sun melts the ice letting water run into cracks, it then becomes colder so the water freezes again. Water when it is ice expands so this puts pressure on the rock
The process repeats itself eventually breaking the rock off, material is used in abrasion and deposited as moraine (deposited material)

4. Diagram showing the freeze-thaw process
Copy the diagram from page 83 so you have your own annotated diagram to refer back to

5. Corries Corries are armchair shaped hollows Have a steep rocky back
Begin to form when the snow begins to compact and turn to ice. This ice eventually starts moving due to gravity carving a hole out as seen in the diagram on pg 84
Steep wall is formed by the ice plucking away material
Usually a small lake is formed in the corrie (known as a corrie lake or tarn)

6. Formation of a Corrie

7. The ice rotates making the back of the corrie taller than the front due to pressure differences
At the front a small rock lip forms due to deposition, works as a dam after glaciation
Freeze-thaw happens at back wall of corrie, creating more material for abrasion

8. U Shaped/V Shaped Valleys

9. Glaciers cut distinctive U-shaped valleys with a flat floor and steep sides. The glacier widens, steepens, deepens and smoothes V-shaped river valleys, eg Great Langdale Valley in the Lake District. The images on the previous page show the difference between a U-shaped valley and a V-shaped valley.

10. Just like rivers, glaciers have tributaries
Just like rivers, glaciers have tributaries. As the main glacier erodes deeper into the valley, the tributary is left higher up the steep sides of the glacier. U-shaped valleys ending with a waterfall at the cliff-face are called hanging valleys.
When a river erodes the landscape, ridges of land form in its upper course which jut into the river. These are called interlocking spurs. A glacier cuts through these ridges leaving behind truncated spurs.

11. Arêtes and pyramidal peaks
An arête is a knife-edge ridge. It is formed when two neighbouring corries run back to back. As each glacier erodes either side of the ridge, the edge becomes steeper and the ridge becomes narrower, eg Striding Edge found on Helvellyn in the Lake District.
A pyramidal peak is formed where three or more corries and arêtes meet. The glaciers have carved away at the top of a mountain, creating a sharply pointed summit, eg Mont Blanc, The Matterhorn and Mount Everest.

12. Arete
Pyrimidal Peak

13. Complete the first two foundation questions from the box on page 89 of your textbook. This will be your second homework that is graded for the quarter