1. Sport in C21st

2. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
Gender
Law & Order
Education
Availability of time
Availability of money
Availability of transport

3. Social class in C20th Grade Occupation A
Higher managerial, administrative or professional  B
Intermediate managerial, administration or professional  C1
Supervisory or clerical and junior management, administration or professional  C2
Skilled manual workers D
Semi and unskilled manual warblers E
Casual or lowest grade workers, pensioners and others who depend on  the state for their income

4. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
- Still a social class divide (mostly between working class & middle class)
- More fluid to move between the classes
Group
Description
Equivalent 1
Higher professional and managerial workers A 2
Lower managerial and professional workers B 3
Intermediate occupations
C1 & 2 4
Small employers and non-professional self-employed 5
Lower supervisiory and technical
C1 &2 6
Semi-routine occupations D 7
Routine occupations 8
Long-term unemployed E

5. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
- Still a social class divide (mostly between working class & middle class)
- More fluid to move between the classes
- Often seen that participants in professional sport, such as football, are mostly unskilled, unemployed males from working class backgrounds, longing for the prospect of fame and fortune
- Social mobility can be achieved through sports, which result in a release from poverty
-Media promote this and create role models
-Rugby Union in South Wales and Rugby League in North of England, rags to riches
-Tennis traditionally associated with middle cases, but professional tennis players represent the range of social class positions

6. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
Why do you think female youth participation is affected more by social class than male participation?

7. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
What changes have occurred in Football since the inception of the Premier League ?

8. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
What changes have occurred in Football since the inception of the Premier League ?
Premier League has been marketed into the C21st as an elite and executive experience and consequently seat prices have risen sharply. 
The middle class are now much more likely to state that they are a football fan and more affluent older supporters are now much more prevalent as football supporters.

9. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Class
Social class is a factor in whether someone is likely to be an amateur or a professional in sport. 
Amateurs: cricket & rugby union have been associated with the middle class.
Professionals: football largely working class. 
Rugby now consists of a broad representations of professional players from middle-class and working-class backgrounds.

10. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Gender
Difference between men & women participation levels
More men get involved, both participate and spectate
Being interested and involved in sport is "unfeminine"
Discrimination can occur, eg Dance type activities
More women are now involved in health & fitness activities
Participation for women involved in sports such as Rugby & Football are increasing
Increased in female sports presenters in the media, increase in female role models
Change in rules eg. Golf clubs

11. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Does sexism still exist in sport?

12. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Law & Order
Sophisticated legislation in sport eg. Negligence
Rights of spectators & safety enshrined in law, as well as aggression by players on and off the pitch
Law to protect officials and referees
DoC owed by participation towards spectators to the event and fellow competitors
New categories of potential defendants have emerged in actions for sports injuries
Extent of responsibility of a match official with regards to safety (following two separate cases by rugby players who have suffered spinal trauma, as a result of the referee's failure to exert adequate control over the scrum)
Football banning orders in place

13. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Law & Order
Law in misuse of drugs, misconduct on and off the pitch
Match fixing
Is this a sign of lawlessness of sport?
Are people more aware of their legal rights?
Law on discrimination based on race and gender
Golf clubs and private members clubs can no longer discriminate based on the gender (2010 Equality law)
Discrimination law – Race, gender, disability, gender, sexual orientations and religion

14. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Education
5-11 years old attend primary school and then secondary school
Mostly comprehensive schools, some voluntary denominational schools incl. Roman Catholic, CoE
Examinations
GCSE at 16
GCE at 18
University at 18
Lots of opportunity to study sport; GCSE, BTEC, AS, A2, Degree level, Coaching, Sports Science

15. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Time, Money & Transport
Society much more technological
People better off
Lots still struggle financially
More flexible working conditions
Increased availability of time due to technological developments
participation in sport decreased, impacted by global recession?

16. How contemporary factors are shaping sport in the twenty-first century
Time, Money & Transport
Less money to be spent on sport & exercise (tickets, gym membership)
Participation rates in the UK are above that for Europe
Availability of transport has increased in UK, many households owning a car
Participants more likely to travel by car, bus or rail to engage in sports activities as are spectators. 
Cheap air fares, means more can travel abroad to compete and to spectate in sport

17. Globaslisation of sport
What is globalisation ?

18. Globaslisation of sport
What is globalisation? - a process that involves sport as a worldwide business and features corporate brands, media coverage and freedom of movement of sports participants, officials and spectators. 
Globaslisation been around since the 1960's.
Term used to describe events shared across the world.
International sport is big business, huge investment across the world.

19. Globaslisation of sport
Spectators as well as the athletes have become global. 
Many travel abroad to support their teams, including World Cups & Olympics. 
Cheap air travel helps promote this. 
Why do think Globaslisation of the Premier League has occurred?

20. Globaslisation of sport
Spectators as well as the athletes have become global. 
Many travel abroad to support their teams, including World Cups & Olympics. 
Cheap air travel helps promote this. 
Why do think Globaslisation of the Premier League has occurred?  League-clubs-rack miles-pre-season.html
Faster/cheaper transport
Improved technology
Media
Global tours & competitions
Financial incentives

21. Globaslisation of sport
Media Coverage
Mid C20 only limited sport shown on TV, with fear that media coverage would impact those going to watch live sport. 
Some sports (eg. Horse racing) saw TV as an opportunity to increase popularity. 
1950's sport was mostly highlights. 
1966 World Cup final attracted mass audiences. 
Events have turned into celebrations and shared globally. 
List different types of media:  broadcast-battle-hots-up-as-sky-face-doling-out-extra-600m

22. Globaslisation of sport
Media Coverage 
List different types of media:
TV – BBC, ITV, C4, C5, Satellite, Cable, Digital
Press – Broadsheets, tabloids, local, magazines
Radio – national, local, commercial 
Internet – social media, websites
Cinema – documentaries, movies

23. Globaslisation of sport
Media Coverage 
Last C20 into C21 Tv companies took advantage of sport commercially and through sponsorship. 
The Golden Triangle developed.
TV had a big impact on changes in sport.
1990's saw the boom of the boost of commercialisation of sport. 
David Beckham is a prime example of a beneficiary of this. 
More and more people started watching sports.
Women are still on the margins of coverage of sport. 
Ethnic minorities in the UK have broken through in most sports (still lacking in professional football)
Some, but little media attention given to sports inequalities – What is wrong with the next slide?

24. Globaslisation of sport
Media Coverage 

25. Globaslisation of sport
Media Coverage
Rules of sport have been influenced by the media.
Timing of schedules revised because of the media. 
Olympic games are often scheduled at unsuitable times, due to TV demand. 
3rd umpire in cricket is largely down to influence of TV.
TMO is similar in Rugby.

26. In 7 bullet points or less summarise Globalisation in sport..
Summary
In 7 bullet points or less summarise Globalisation in sport..

27. Homework
See showmyhomework for exam questions