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Influence of Iron on Algal Populations
Ezekiel Stuart Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School PJAS 2016 Grade 9
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Iron fertilization Limiting Growth Nutrient- the material that is vital to an organisms growth HNLC (high nutrient low chlorophyll)- zones of the ocean which have large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous, but low amounts of photosynthesis Carbon Sink- a reservoir which traps carbon dioxide indefinitely
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Previous Experiments Some previous experiments which examined iron fertilizations effect on algal life were SOIREE, Ironex, Ironex II, EisenEx, SEEDS, SEEDS-II, SOFeX, SERIES, and LOHAFEX
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Euglena gracilis Generally cylindrical in shape with many flagella
Common algal like protist Partial heterotroph- endocytosis and photosynthesis Capable of surviving in both salt and freshwater ecosystems A common lab subject
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Purpose To determine the possible effects of iron fertilization on the survivorship of the protist Euglena gracilis
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Hypothesis Null hypothesis- iron does not significantly influence the growth of Euglena Alternative hypothesis- iron will cause a significant increase in the rate of Euglena's growth
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Materials Euglena gracilis
43 test tubes (13 x 100 mm culture tubes borosilicate) Micro-pipettes Micro-pipette tips Spectrophotometer Test tube racks Iron filings Spring water Soil water Precision electronic balance(10-4 g) 20 Watt Grow bulb
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Procedure 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 grams of iron, respectively, were added to ten test tubes which contained 1 mL Euglena, 2 mL spring water, 2 mL soil water Tubes were mixed by inversion Absorbance at 430 nanometers was measured in a spectrophotometer Tubes were placed approximately 23 cm below a 20 watt grow bulb Absorbance was recorded every day for ten days
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Tube composition Grams of iron in tube 0.001 0.01 0.1 Spring water
0.001 0.01 0.1 Spring water 2.5 mL Soil Water
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Day 10 p<10-6 Day 5 p<10-6
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Statistical Analysis Significant Single factor ANOVA Day 5 p<10-6
Dunnett's Test T-crit= 2.76 Day 0.1 g of Fe 0.01 g of Fe 0.001 g of Fe 5 9.553 Significant 9.899 6.569 10 10.373 9.525 7.66
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Conclusion The null hypothesis is rejected
Iron filings presence had a negative, detrimental effect on the growth of the Euglena
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Extensions Limitations Temperature fluctuation Euglena health
Iron optical effects Extensions Iron effects on other aquatic life Carbon trapped by Euglena Longer time Others forms of iron Field testing in local watersheds Iron influence on photosynthetic rate
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Works Cited Will Ocean Iron Fertilization Work? By Hugh Powell
Effects of nitrate, phosphate and iron on the growth of macroalgae and benthic cyanobacteria from Cocos Lagoon, Guam. By Ilsa B. Kuffner, Valerie J. Paul Bioremediation of Heavy Metal by Algae: Current and Future Perspective. By Dr. Seema Dwivedi Iron Utilization in Marine Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic algae. By Joe Morrissesy and Chris Bowler Iron Fertilization: Savior to Climate Change or Ocean Dumping? By Rhain Waller
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One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance 0.1 grams 0.01 grams e-05 0.001 grams 0 grams e-05 ANOVA Source SS df MS Ftest P-value F-Critical Between Within Total Conclusions Ho: μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha At least 2 μ's differ F-Test F-Critical Alpha 0.05 P-Value 0 Decision: Reject Ho
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One-Way ANOVA SUMMARY Group Count Sum Average Variance 0.1 grams 0.01 grams 0.001 grams 0 grams ANOVA Source SS df MS Ftest P-value F-Critical Between Within Total Conclusions Ho: μ1=μ2=μ3=... Ha At least 2 μ's differ F-Test F-Critical Alpha 0.05 P-Value 0 Decision: Reject Ho
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