1. Fascist Aggression in the 1930s
Spinrad/World History

2. Japan Needs resources to support expanding its empire
Manchuria (Mukden) incident: 1931 Japan takes Manchuria (in China) for its resources
League of Nations demands that Japan leaves Manchuria. Japan responds by quitting the League of Nations and signing the Anti-Comintern pact with Germany 1936

3. Japan (cont)
Manchurian Incident

4. Japan (cont)
Declares full-scale war with China in 1937 and occupies large areas of north and coast
Very bloody and underreported fighting
Rape of Nanking (Chinese capital) occurs
Japanese Army murders approximately ,000 civilians over a six week period of butchery, rape, and pillaging to terrorize the population to surrender

5. Japan (cont)
Rape of Nanking

6. Italy Wants a new Roman Empire in Africa
In Oct invades Ethiopia (Abyssinia)
Uses hundreds of tanks, planes, artillery, & illegal mustard gas on military, civilian, & Red Cross camps. Italy defeats Haile Selassie by May 1936
Ethiopia’s Selassie pleads for help from the League of Nations. The League of Nations protest but does nothing else
Italy leaves the League and Japan recognizes Italy’s conquest of “Italian East Africa.

7. Italy (cont)

8. Germany 1933-34 secretly rearms, builds Luftwaffe
Begins persecuting Jews and others
Rebuilds the economy
Withdraws from the League of Nations
moves troops into Rhineland and is openly rearming and conscripting
League of Nations does nothing
Anti-Cominterm Pact with Japan

9. Germany (cont)
German troops in the Rhineland

10. Germany (cont) Jewish Persecution
By the end of 1934, most Jewish lawyers, doctors, professors, civil servants, and musicians had lost their jobs and the right to practice.
Nuremberg Laws of 1935 deprived Jews of all rights of citizenship—notice how all is done in accordance with the law
By % of German Jews had left Germany

11. Germany (cont) Jewish Persecution
Kristallnacht occurs in 1938 as well—a well-organized wave of violence, which destroyed homes, businesses, synagogues
Thousands of Jews were arrested and forced to pay for the damages
In addition to persecuting the Jews, Hitler also targeted gypsies, gays, Jehovah’s Witnesses, the handicapped, and pacifists

12. Germany (cont)
Interior of Berlin synagogue

13. Germany (cont) 1937/38 Germany creates Anschluss with Austria
Hitler then turned on Czechs and demands the Sudetenland, promising that’s the end demands
Neville Chamberlain meets with Hitler at Munich Conference and claims peace in our time (1938)
Appeasement—Hitler given the Sudetenland

14. Germany (cont)
Munich conference

15. Germany (cont) May 1939 Pact of Steel creates Rome-Berlin Axis
Hitler demands Polish territory; Britain says she will defend Poland if attacked (March)
Signs Hitler-Stalin Pact (August)
Germany Invades Poland September 1, 1939

16. Hitler-Stalin Pact
Stalin with German foreign minister

17. Blitzkrieg! Poland destroyed