1. Ch. 5 Secession & Civil War
MS Studies Ch. 5
Ch. 5 Secession & Civil War

2. Slavery
Slavery was viewed as a potential problem dating back to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution
By 1819, slavery was the primary political issue in the U.S.

4. The Missouri Compromise
1819 U.S. had 22 states. 11 free states. 11 slave states
Free State – State that did not allow slavery
Slave State – State that did allow slavery
Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state
Intense debates erupted in U.S. Congress
Missouri Compromise was created.
Missouri was admitted as slave state
Maine admitted as a free state
Slavery forbidden in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30’ N

5. Missouri Compromise Map

6. Missouri Compromise Map

7. Antislavery Movement
1817 American Colonization Society formed. Offered to send free blacks back to Africa (Liberia)
MS Colonization Society formed 1831.
Many people wanted to end slavery, but no person knew the proper way.

8. Nullification Crisis & States’ Rights
States’ Rights – the principle that the rights of the individual state should prevail over the rights of the federal government.
Many southerners believed deeply in states’ rights
1832 South Carolina challenged the U.S. tariff saying that they had the right as a state to nullify this U.S. law.
S. Carolina threatened to secede
A compromise reduced the tariff, but a law was passed that denied the states the right to nullify a national law
Mississippians were divided on this issue.

10. The Compromise of 1850
1846 U.S. gained new lands from Mexico and the Missouri Compromise did not apply to them.
By 1850 California was ready for statehood & wanted to be free.
Issue was raised “FREE or SLAVE”
Compromise of 1850 solved the issue
California admitted as free state
Slavery in new territories would be determined by Popular Sovereignty (means a vote by those living there)
South got a stronger fugitive slave law

11. Compromise of 1850

12. Slavery Issues Kansas-Nebraska Act passed 1854
Said Pop. Sovereignty would decide slavery issue
Led to violence and wars known as “Bleeding Kansas” or “Border War”
1854 Republican Party created to stop expansion of slavery
1857 Supreme Court rules that Dred Scott was property and that slavery could expand into territories.
1859 John Brown leads a raid against an armory at Harper’s Ferry Virginia.
He hoped to start a slave revolt, but he was captured and executed

13. John Brown

14. Dred Scott

15. Harper’s Ferry

16. MS & Secession
Mississippians were divided. They loved the U.S., but also loved slavery.
Secession (withdrawal from the Union) was not accepted by most Mississippians during the 1850’s. They wanted U.S. Congress to protect slavery
By 1859 most Mississippians felt like secession was the only answer to the slave question.

17. 1860 Presidential Election
Democrats divided
Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge (U.S. Vice President)
Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas
Constitution Party nominated John Bell
Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln won the election (Breckenridge carried the south)

18. Election of 1860 Candidates Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrats)
John C.
Breckinridge
(Southern
Democrats)
Abraham
Lincoln
(Republican)
John Bell
(Constitutional
Party)

19. Secession Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina seceded from the union
MS called a state convention.
MS delegates voted 84 – 15 in favor of secession
Jan. 9, 1861 MS became 2nd state to secede from the Union
AL, GA, FL, LA, & TX followed.
Feb delegates from each state met in Montgomery, AL and formed the Confederate States of America (new government)
Jefferson Davis was selected as the President & Montgomery, AL was the capital
When VA seceded from the Union, the capital was moved to Richmond, VA.

20. Secession Map

21. Jefferson Davis

22. Confederate Flags Confederate Flag Confederate Flag 1865- 1861-1863
Navy Jack
Confederate
Battle Flag
Confederate Flag

23. War Begins
April 1861, Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina when a resupply is attempted.
President Lincoln called for troops to put down the rebellion.
VA, NC, TN, & AR seceded.
Both sides thought they could win
South had better leaders & thought foreign nations would support them
North had more people and resources than the south.

24. Fort Sumter
War Begins

25. Fort Sumter Aftermath

26. U.S. Leaders

27. Confederate Leaders Gen. Robert E. Lee Jefferson Davis (Eastern Front)
Gen. Albert Johnston
(Western Front)

28. MS River
The MS River was a key component to the Union’s success during the war.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant commanded Union forces in the West
Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston commanded Confederate troops in the West.
March 1862 Gen. Johnston is defending Corinth, MS. Gen. Grant has a fort at Shiloh (TN).

29. Ulysses S. Grant