1. Trey Nilles, Emily McNamara, Crisquel Melchor, Demi Nelson
Chapter 16
Trey Nilles, Emily McNamara, Crisquel Melchor, Demi Nelson

2. Guided Reading Questions

3. Cotton is King
The Cotton Kingdom developed into a huge agricultural factory
supported many parts of America as cotton became a very important resource
in 1840 cotton accounted for over half the value of American exports!
Britain was tied to America because of the immense amount of cotton grown and Southern leaders got a sense of power because of it
Cotton was king, the gin was its throne, and the slaves were the henchmen.
The south knew that they had power because of cotton
if war broke between north and south both the north and Britain would suffer and the south would triumph

4. Cotton Aristocracy
In this time America was not so much of a democracy as they hoped to be
it was an Oligarchy or ruled by few
only 1,733 families owned a large amount of slaves and plantations
these families provided the “cream” of the political and social leadership
The south and their Cottonocracy dominated the livestock, dollar grubbing north.
southern families sent their children to the north for high education in the best clothes possible.

5. Cotton Aristocracy (cont.)
Southern leaders felt that their way of life was the best way of life
they sent their children to public schools
Southern writer, Sir Walter Scott influenced a feudal society
later was blamed for fueling the fire of the Civil War
Women in the Cottonocracy began to evolve also
they took on a role of leadership among the plantations concerning the women slaves
relationships between slave owning women and slaves could range from affectionate to brutality.
even if the women showed affection to their slaves, most did not care when their slaves’ children were sold.

6. Slaves of the Slave System
Southern plantations were not all good
planters over tilled the land and caused population to constantly move west
the economy became a monopoly
big plantations got bigger and small plantations got smaller
slaves were an investment
could deliberately hurt themselves or run away
whole quarters could wipe out from disease
this was bad for plantation owners and cost them a lot of $$$
dangerous dependence on one crop only
if cotton failed, many planters knew nothing else

7. Tension between North and South
Southern planters began to resent the north
disliked how they sent their cotton to the north and they used it for their own wealth
southern were clothed in Yankee clothes and buried in Yankee coffins

8. The White Majority
With whites in constant control of the majority in the South, slavery remained a part of the culture.
1,733 families owned 100+ slaves
The majority of southerners generally worked small farms
Snobocracy
Southerners without slaves still want slavery.
Mountain Whites
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9. Free Blacks: Slaves Without Masters
Slowly there became an increase in the number of free blacks.
250,000 free blacks in 1860
Upper South freedom came mainly through emancipation
Deep South freedom
Mulattoes
Purchased freedom
Communities thrived in New Orleans
William T. Johnson was a former slave who later owned slaves
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10. Free Blacks: Slaves Without Masters (Cont.)
Almost functioned like a third race
Owned property
Could not testify against white people
Could not work certain jobs
North did not like free blacks either
250,000
Refused entry
Refused the right to vote
Barred from some public schools
South liked blacks as individuals, but not the race
North liked the race, but not individuals
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11. Plantation Slavery
Slavery continued to grow in the South regardless of what Washington put in place.
In 1860 there were 4,000,000 slaves
Cotton economy encouraged slave labor
Importing slaves became illegal in 1808
Slaves were still smuggled in
Death Penalty for slave traders
Only one person ever executed
Smugglers acquitted by Southern juries
Slaves were protected assets
Slave population continued to rise
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12. Pages
Life Under the Lash
Floggings
Whip was the substitute for the wage-incentive system
Strong-willed slaves were sent to breakers
Breakers
Had a technique that was lavish laying on of the lash
Floggings
To beat severely with a whip or rod
Conditions varied in region to region, plantation from plantation, and master from master.
Some states offered further protections:
Banning the sale of a child under the age of ten away from his or her mother.
But laws were difficult to enforce:
Slaves were forbidden to testify in court.

13. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
The Burdens of Bondage
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
1831 Nat Turner, black preacher
Led uprising slaughtering 60 virginians(mostly women and children)
Slaves were denied education
Slaves deprived of dignity and responsibility
Reading Ideas Revolt Discontent
Defenders of Slavery
Forced to degrade themselves and victims
Rebellious blacks
Fostered brutality of the whip, the bloodhound, and the branding iron
Amistad
1839 slaves rebelled a spanish slave ship named Amistad
Attempt to sail back to Africa

14. Early Abolitionism 1817 American colonization society was founded
1822 the Republic of Liberia was established for former slaves
1860 all southern slaves were no longer Africans but native born African Americans
1830 abolitionist movement
Theodore Dwight Weld
An abolitionist who spoke against slavery; wrote the pamphlet American Slavery As It Is (1839)

15. Radical Abolitionism
William Lloyd Garrison published the first issue of The Liberator
an antislavery newspaper
January 1st, 1831
The American Anti-Slavery Society
Wendell Phillips-a boston man known as “abolition’s golden trumpet”
Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
David Walker
end to white supremacy

16. Radical Abolitionism Frederick Douglass escaped in 1838 at 21
abolitionists found him in 1841
lectured for the cause

17. The South Lashes Back Slave states tightened their slave codes
prohibited emancipation
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
1831
The Nullification Crisis of 1832
Whites did not like finding abolitionist literature
federal postmasters were arrested if they did not destroy abolitionist material

18. The Abolitionist Impact in the North
The north had heavy economic stake with south
1850-southern planters owed northern bankers $300 million
Many white gangs
Broadcloth Mob dragged Garrison through the streets of boston
Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy’s printing press was destroyed 4 times
in 1873 he was killed by a mob