1. Blood Types
Some red blood cells have substances on the surface of the cell membranes - two types A or B (called agglutinogens) - passed from genes of parents - blood types determined by ABO system.

2. Group A
Substance A is present on your red blood cells A

3. Group B
Substance B is present on your red blood cells B

4. Group AB
Substances A and B are both present
on your RBC’S A B

5. Group O
Contains neither substance A nor substance B on your RBC’s.

6. Rhesus Factor
- first observed in Monkeys, humans later - Commonly: Rh factor

7. Rhesus Factor Rh – positive if present your red blood cells Rh
Rh – negative if you do not have this factor on your red blood cells.

8. Rh Factor Distribution
Rh - positive ( Rh +) %
Rh – negative ( Rh -) %

9. DISTRIBUTION in Quebec
Group O 46% ( O+ : 39%, O- : 7% )
Group A 42% ( A+ : 36%, A- : 6% )
Group B 9% ( B+ : 7.5%, B- : 1.5% )
Group AB 3% ( AB+ : 2.5%, AB- : 0.5% )

10. Determining Blood Type
What blood types are these? A B + B

11. Compatibility of blood types

12. Blood Transfusions
BLOOD TRANSFUSION entails the injection of blood into a person
Donor: a person who gives blood for the purpose of a transfusion.
Recipient: a person who receives blood from a transfusion

13. Primary Rule for Blood Transfusions
Donor’s red blood cell membrane must not carry substances that differ from those on the red blood cell membranes of the recipient.

15. Bill is type B+
Therefore,
Can receive: B+, B-, O+, O-
Cannot receive: A+, A-, AB+, AB-

16. Blood Compatibility
Means that one person can receive blood from another person

18. Blood Transfusions
Transfusions are possible when donor & recipient have the same blood types.
Type O- can donate to anybody so they are called UNIVERSAL DONORS
Type AB+ can receive blood from anybody so they are called UNIVERSAL RECIPIENTS

19. Rules for blood typing
Rh Rh + (and its own type)

20. AGGLUTINATION
1. When blood is transfused between incompatible blood types
(recipient receives FOREIGN agglutinogens)
2. Antibodies called agglutinins in recipients plasma
3. Antibodies attach to foreign blood and clump!
4. Leads to clogging of blood vessels and can
kill the recipient

22. Blood Typing
To test a person’s blood type, place a few drops of blood into 3 wells that contain the anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh serum.
If the blood agglutinates it means that it is present.

23. Blood Typing
Blood added to test serums
Conclusion-type A blood

24. What blood types are these? 1 2 3 4
What blood types are these? 
Examine the slides below and determine the blood type of the subject in each case. Click below to check your answer.