1. Administrative ethics
Unit 15

2. I Answer the following questions:
1. How would you define ethics?
2. What is the relationship between law and morality?
3. Why are moral principles particularly important for civil servants?
4. Have views on morality changed significantly in recent years?

3. Part One Definitions, Values and Principles of Administrative Ethics: preview
Public administration ethics
Code of ethics
Qualities of civil servants
Code of Ethics of the American Society for Public Administration

4. Ethics
A branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality
The rules that define moral conduct according to the ideology of a specific group.
It is concerned with what is good for individuals and society.

5. Ethics
Well-based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what people ought to do, usually in terms of duties, principles, specific virtues, or benefits to society.

6. Administrative ethics
For persons who work in government and non-profit organizations, duty has a special importance.
They must serve the public, fulfil the expectations of public office, and be trustees of public resources.
These are the actions required by their occupation or role independent of— but reinforced by—other ethical considerations.

7. Administrative ethics
Administrative ethics - rooted in duty: persons who seek positions in government or non-profit organizations (or who pursue educational programmes to prepare themselves for such positions) are commonly motivated by a sense of duty to serve: public service motivation.
They wish to help others, to benefit society, or to serve the public interest.

8. The public service motivation
“attraction to policy making” and the political process;
“commitment to the public interest/civic duty,” e.g., doing “what is best for the whole community”;
“compassion” and “self-sacrifice”: a commitment to work “for a cause bigger than myself” or being “prepared to make sacrifices for the good of society”.

9. Key relationships guided by duty:
Interactions with:
the public,
organization of which one is a part, and
political superiors

10. Key requirements of administrative ethics
Public administrators should not:
lie,
withhold information, or
put their own interests above serving the public.

11. Administrative ethics
They should be accountable to their superiors and to the public.
Without even considering ethical theories or philosophy, it is possible to elaborate an extensive list of standards of right and wrong that prescribe what public servants ought to do based on a sense of duty.

12. Administrative ethics
Duty-based ethics - related to many important aspects of public service work. This is the kind of ethical reasoning that students in public administration and persons entering public service start with.

13. Code of ethics
Standards of professionalism that co-workers in the public sector can expect from each other — and the public can also expect the same from their leaders.
With a strong code of ethics in public administration, leaders have the guidelines they need to carry out their tasks and inspire their employees to enforce laws in a professional and equitable manner.

14. Qualities of civil servants
Civil servants should be honest, independent, competent, and committed to doing their best, and they should demonstrate integrity: virtues.
They should treat all persons fairly and equally, observe the law, and follow the direction set by their leaders and their organizations: principles.
They should try to achieve the greatest good for the most people: a beneficial consequence.

15. Administrative ethics
The other dimensions of administrative ethics based on the philosophical traditions of virtue, principle, and consequences are integrally linked to conceptions of duty.
These reflect common patterns of ethical thinking.

16. Accountability and integrity
Administrative ethics provides accountability between the public and the administration.
Adhering to a code of ethics ensures that the public receives what it needs in a fair manner.

17. Accountability and integrity
Administrative ethics also gives the administration guidelines for integrity in their operations.
Integrity helps foster the trust of the community.
By creating the atmosphere of trust, the administration helps the public understand that they are working with their best interests in mind.

18. Transparency
Another positive outcome of administrative ethics: timely and informative communication with the community.
This kind of transparency builds trust and prevents or minimizes the potential issues that can arise when information is divulged from outside sources.

19. transparency
If there is something important that the public needs to know about, it is better for it to come directly from the leaders and administration.
Communication keeps all parties informed so that they can all work toward a common goal.
Good communication ensures that the community can engage their leaders on important issues.

20. II. Read the text and answer the following questions:
1. How can ethics be defined?
2. What is ethics concerned with?
3. What is administrative ethics?
4. What kind of standards does a code of ethics create?
5. What are the positive outcomes of good ethics in public administration?
6. What does good communication between the public administration and the public ensure?

21. III Complete the following statements with information from the text.
Administrative ethics is rooted in _______________________.
Civil servants are motivated by a sense of duty to serve, sometimes called _____________________
Ethics gives the administration guidelines ______________________________________.
A code of ethics creates standards of _________________________________________.
Timely and informative communication with the community prevents _______________.
Good communication between the public administration and the public ensures ________________.

22. Key Administrative ethics is rooted in duty.
Civil servants are motivated by a sense of duty to serve, sometimes called the public service motivation.
Ethics gives the administration guidelines for integrity in their operations.
A code of ethics creates standards of professionalism.
Timely and informative communication with the community prevents the potential issues that can arise when information is divulged from outside sources.
Good communication between the public administration and the public ensures trust.

23. Complete the phrases with: Address, apply, provide, inspire, give, enforce, define, create
to ____________ questions about morality
2. to ____________ moral principles
3. to ____________ accountability
4. to ____________ moral conduct
5. to ____________ employees
6. to ____________ standards of professionalism
7. to ____________ guidelines
8. to ____________ laws

24. address apply provide inspire give enforce define create
to address questions about morality
2. to apply moral principles
3. to provide accountability
4. to define moral conduct
5. to inspire employees
6. to create standards of professionalism
7. to give guidelines
8. to enforce laws

25. Part Two The Code of Ethics of the American Society for Public Administration
1. According to you, what should a code of ethics for public administration contain?
2. In your opinion, what are the most important ethical principles for public administration?

26. The Code of Ethics of the American Society for Public Administration
The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) advances the science, art, and practice of public administration. The ASPA Code of Ethics was revised in 2013 and the Ethics and Standards Implementation Committee (Ethics Committee) was established in  The Society affirms its responsibility to develop the spirit of responsible professionalism within its membership and to increase awareness and commitment to ethical principles and standards among all those who work in public service in all sectors. To this end, the members of the Society commit themselves to uphold the following principles:

27. Advance the Public Interest
Promote the interests of the public and put service to the public above service to oneself.

28. Uphold the Constitution and the Law
Respect and support government constitutions and laws, while seeking to improve laws and policies to promote the public good. 

29. Promote Democratic Participation
Inform the public and encourage active engagement in governance. 
Be open, transparent and responsive, and respect and assist all persons in their dealings with public organizations.  

30. Strengthen Social Equity
Treat all persons with fairness, justice, and equality and respect individual differences, rights, and freedoms.
Promote affirmative action and other initiatives to reduce unfairness, injustice, and inequality in society.

31. Fully Inform and Advise
Provide accurate, honest, comprehensive, and timely information and advice to elected and appointed officials and governing board members, and to staff members in their organization.

32. Demonstrate personal integrity
Adhere to the highest standards of conduct to inspire public confidence and trust in public service

33. Promote Ethical Organizations
Strive to attain the highest standards of ethics and public service in organizations that serve the public

34. Advance Professional Excellence
Strengthen personal capabilities to act competently and ethically and encourage the professional development of others.

35. Choose nouns which correctly complete the following phrases:
The Society affirms its responsibility to develop the spirit of responsible ______________ within its membership.
All those who work in public service should be committed to ethical ______________ and ____________.
The members of the Society should respect and support government ________________ and _____________.

36. Key
The Society affirms its responsibility to develop the spirit of responsible professionalism within its membership.
All those who work in public service should be committed to ethical principles and standards.
The members of the Society should respect and support government constitutions and laws.

37. Choose nouns which correctly complete the following phrases:
Public servants should inform the ______________ and encourage active engagement in __________________.
Public servants should adhere to the highest standards of ____________ to inspire public confidence and trust in public service.

38. Key
Public servants should inform the public and encourage active engagement in governance.
Public servants should adhere to the highest standards of conduct to inspire public confidence and trust in public service.

39. Choose from the prepositions in the box to complete the sentences:in, of, to, with, within
The ASPA Code of Ethics was revised ___ 2013.
The Society affirms its responsibility to develop the spirit of responsible professionalism __________ its membership.
The members of the Society commit themselves ______ uphold ethical principles.
The members should strive to attain the highest standards ___ ethics.
Public servants should respect and assist all persons in their dealings ____ public organizations.  

40. V Complete the table with words from the text and their related forms:
VERB
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
inform
participation
responsive
adhere
affirmative