1. On your whiteboard: How much can you remember about war and peace?
Christian teachings
Different kinds of pacifism
Just War conditions

2. Just War Theory – how much did you remember?
Jus Ad Bellum – right reasons for going to war
Just authority
Just cause
Just intention
Proportionality
Last resort
Reasonable chance of success
Comparative justice
Jus In Bello – right conduct within war
Discrimination
Proportionality
Fair treatment of PoWs
No evil acts
Jus Post Bellum – right way to end a war
Just authority
Just cause
Just intention
Proportionality
Discrimination

3. Application to modern wars
World War II
it was fought by Germany and the Allied countries (UK, France etc)
Germany was being attacked for invading other countries
the intention was to stop Hitler killing innocent people
the Allies felt that they had a reasonable chance of success and they did win
The Allies had tried negotiation with Hitler but this had failed
most of the fighting was limited to the armies concerned and to harbours and munitions sites
Some incidents of targeting civilians, eg. The blitz and the bombing of Dresden
2003 Iraq war
America claimed that the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, as well as carrying out genocides against the Iraqi people
UN weapons inspectors found no evidence of WMDs
Allied countries declared war on Iraq
Intense fighting killed 250,000 people, including 180,000 civilians
Saddam Hussein was captured, tried and executed
Allies have been criticised for having no real post-war plan. New government was elected, but the instability caused by the war led to ISIS, fuelled the Syrian civil war, and means Iraqis are still facing extreme poverty and violence today (15 years later)

4. Most of the Just War criteria were written hundreds of years ago, when war was very different. How is war different now? Are there any criteria that are no longer appropriate? Why?

5. Is Just War Theory relevant/useful today?
Yes No

7. Secular Approaches to War and Peace
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
Kant (don’t use people as a means to an end)

8. Evaluate the claim that war can never be justified (30 marks)