1. Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Senna

2. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : M.Vasu Babu
Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy
Branch : Pharmacy
Institute : GPW, Guntur
Year : I D.Pharm.
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject Code : Ph -103
Topic : Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub topic : Senna (1/8)
Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs

3. Gross anatomical study of crude drugs
Senna

4. Objectives
On completion of this period you would be able to understand :
Biological source of Senna.
Microscopical characters of Senna.
Chemical constituents & uses

5. Known to unknown Q1. Identify the photograph. A: It is senna
Q2. From which part of plant ,is it
obtained?
A: Leaf
Q3. How do you find out the
genuinity of this crude drug?
A: Morphological / Histological
study.
FIG : 1

6. Senna Biological source:
Dried leaf lets of Cassia aungustifolia (Indian)
Cassia acutifolia (Alexandrian)
Family:
Leguminosae

7. 1. Lamina includes 1 to 6 parts T.S of Senna shows
Mid rib
FIG : 2
1. Lamina includes 1 to 6 parts
T.S of Senna shows
2. Mid rib includes to 13 parts

8. Lamina: Isobilateral Upper epidermis 2. Mesophyll Upper palisade
Spongy parenchyma
Lower palisade
3. Lower epidermis
FIG : 3

9. Lamina: (contd) Upper epidermis: Single layered Polygonal Straight
Anticlinical wall
Few cells contain
mucilage
Covered with
cuticle
FIG : 4

10. Lamina: (contd) Mesophyll: Upper palisade: Single layered Elongated
Compactly arranged
Narrow thin walled
parenchyma
Continued over
mid rib region
FIG : 5

11. Large intracellular spaces
Lamina
Lamina: (contd)
Mesophyll:
Spongy parenchyma
Thin walled
Mesophyll
Loosely arranged
Large intracellular spaces
Spheraphides present
FIG : 7

12. Lamina: Mesophyll: Lower palisade: Only in lamina Loosely arranged
Wavy walls
Cells are smaller
than upper palisade
FIG : 8

13. Lamina:
Lamina
Lower epidermis:
Similar to upper
epidermis
FIG : 9

14. Lamina:
Lamina
Trichomes :
Conical
Unicellular
Thick walled
FIG : 10

15. Mid rib Palisade parenchyma Crystal sheath Sclerenchymatous sheath
Vascular bundle :
xylem
phloem
collenchyma
FIG : 11

16. Midrib
Palisade parenchyma :
Single layer
Mid rib
FIG : 12

17. Midrib Crystal sheath : Parenchymatous layer Calcium oxalate
crystals present
Mid rib
Present at dorsal and
Ventral side
FIG : 13

18. Midrib Vascular bundle : Xylem : Lignified cells
Present at ventral surface
Mid rib
Phloem :
Non lignified cells
Present at dorsal surface
FIG : 14

19. Midrib Collenchyma : Multi layered Thick walled parenchyma
cellulose present
Present at ventral side
FIG : 15

20. Chemical constituents:
Anthraquinone glycosides
Sennoside A
Sennoside B
Sennoside C
Sennoside D

21. Uses
Irritant Purgative

22. In this class we learnt about
Summary
In this class we learnt about
Anatomical study of Senna
Chemical constituents & its
Uses

23. Quiz
Q1. Upper palisade cells are arranged continuously in mid rib region.
A: Yes
/ NO
Q2. Where will be the Crystal sheath present?
a) Upper side of mid rib
b) Lower side of mid rib
c) Both the sides of mid rib
d) Not present

24. Q3. What type of glycosides present in Senna b) Cardiac glycosides
a) Anthraquinone type
b) Cardiac glycosides
c) Saponin glycoside
d) Cynogenetic glycosides
Q4. Name the type of trichomes in senna _____________.
Q5. ___________type of parenchyma present in between lower and upper palisade cells .
Unicellular covering
Sponge

25. Frequently asked questions
1.Write the monograph of Senna
2.Explain the histological study of Senna.
3.Write the anatomical study of Senna.
4.Write the biological source, family, chemical constituents and uses of Senna.

26. Thank u