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Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion
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Sec. 1 Economic Growth Mid 1700’s Industrial Revolution
Began in England Machines ran on waterpower People left homes to move to cities to work
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Industrial Revolution in New England
IR appeared here first Soil poor, farming difficult Rushing rivers Close to resources Many good ports Capitalism/free enterprise
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New Technology Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin Interchangeable parts
Samuel Slater- brought design’s from England to America Francis Lowell- factory system, bringing all manufacturing steps together in one building
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Agriculture South- cotton production increased
Demand for cotton grew as a result of IR Slave labor increased also Economic Independence in NORTH Corporations began to develop Stocks were sold Second Bank of the US chartered
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Cities Growth of factories spurred growth of cities
Fires were a threat Diseases were a threat As more people came to cities, libraries, shops, museums were built
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Sec. 2 Westward Bound By 1811 more people were moving west of App. Mountains Turnpikes were built to ease travel River travel increased, but problem, most rivers were in eastern US, and ran only north south direction
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Steam power Steam engines had been used in the 1780’s to power ships in calm waters Robert Fulton- Steam boat Clermont- traveled from NYC to Albany
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Canals Erie Canal-363 mile long, first canal in US
Led to explosion in canal building Lowered the cost of shipping goods, brought prosperity to towns, helped unite the country
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Western settlement Families settled on rivers such as Ohio and Mississippi Canals allowed people to live farther from the rivers
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Sec. 3 Unity and Sectionalism
Era of Good Feelings Rep. James Monroe elected president 1816 Federalist party almost gone A time when the fighting between political parties had ceased EGF didn’t last long, sectionalism became intense Conflict over slavery/states rights fueled sectionalism
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Differences Regions disagreed on tariffs, bank and internal improvements John C. Calhoun( South), Daniel Webster(North), Henry Clay(West)
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John C. Calhoun From South Carolina
Supported state sovereignty- states have autonomous power Strong opponent of high tariffs
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Daniel Webster From New Hampshire
Favored protection of US manufacturing Favored Tariffs
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Henry Clay Great Compromiser
Tried to settle differences between leaders
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Missouri Compromise Problems arose when territories were admitted into union Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine admitted as a free, to keep balance in the Senate. Also all territories carved out of LP north of Missouri’s southern border would be free, south of the border slave.
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American System Henry Clay proposed
Protective tariff, internal improvements, national bank Not all of the System was accepted.. MONROE DOCTRINE Stated that the US will not interfere with European colonies, opposed new colonization
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Domestic Policy Assignment
Each group will be responsible for completing all of the issues and policies *of just your selected President * You must present at least one cause and one effect per issue or policy. Present to the class on MONDAY as part of a test review.
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