1. _________: the measure of how _________ water is due to _______________ ____________________.
Turbidity
cloudy
suspended
particles
Definition:

2. Levels: Ideal Level: ______ cm 50 High Level: ______ cm
Measured using a ______ _______. Dropped into a body of water until it ____________________.
Can also use _________. High ______ = cloudy 50 20
secchi
disk
Levels:
cannot be seen
NTU’s
NTU’s

3. High secchi disk reading = low turbidity
Low secchi disk reading = high turbidity

4. Causes of increased turbidity: increased levels of __________, sediment from erosion and _______, ______________, and ______________.
algae
rain
Causes:
pollution
runoff

5. Results of high turbidity: high turbidity increases the ___________of the water. Warmer water has lower levels of ______________ ______________ causing plants and animals to ____.
temperature
Results:
dissolved
oxygen
die

6. Definition: _________: the acidity of the water (0-14)
07 is ____________
7 is ____________
714 is ____________ pH
an acid (acidic)
Definition:
neutral
a base (basic)

7. Levels: Surface Freshwater: _____ _____ Swamps: as low as ________
Salt Water:
_____ _____ 6 9
Levels: 4 7 8

10. Causes of changes in pH: natural conditions, pollution (_________), and runoff from _________ and ____________.
Causes:
batteries
farms
fertilizers

11. Results of changes in pH: a change in pH by ___ units results in a water system having ______ times a difference in acidity. Most organisms have a very __________ range of pH they can live in so small changes can ______. 2
100
Results:
small
kill

12. ___________________: the _________________ dissolved in the water.
Dissolved oxygen
oxygen
Definition:

13. Levels: Average Level: ______ ppm = parts per _______
Must be _____ ppm to support ____________
________________. 9
million
Levels:
4-5
a diverse
population of fish

15. Causes of changes in dissolved oxygen: actions like ___________, and ________, water depth, plant growth and ________________.
waves
rapids
Causes:
temperature

16. Results of changes in dissolved oxygen: When DO drops too low fish __________. When DO is high, the water can __________ your pipes.
Results:
die
corrode

17. ________________: measure of the speed of molecules
________________: measure of the speed of molecules. Most fish like ______ _______________ which means high _______.
Temperature
low
temperature
Definition: DO

18. Levels: Low: ____0 C, _____0 F
High: few fish can tolerate above ____0 C, ____0 F 32 36 97
Levels:

19. Surface Water Temperatures

20. Causes of change in temperature: source of water, _________________, ______________, depth of water, and amount of __________.
time of year
Causes:
turbidity
shade

21. Results: disease death higher drop death
Results of changes in temperature: can cause organisms to be more at risk to ___________, can cause _________ and __________ temperatures can cause dissolved oxygen to ___________, resulting in ___________.
disease
Results:
death
higher
drop
death

22. Definition: _________________ Nitrates
and ______________: compound that contains a certain ion ______ (Ex: Sodium Nitrate).
Nitrates
Phosphates
NO3
Definition:

23. Levels: Drinking Water Max: __________________ 10 mg/L or ppm
Fish: above _____ ppm can reduce _______ and damage their ________ system.
10 mg/L or ppm
Levels: 30
growth
immune

24. Causes of nitrates: ___________ runoff, leaks in septic systems, animal ________, and ______ ___________ mixing with rain causing acid rain.
fertilizer
Causes:
waste
car
exhaust

25. Results: increase overcrowding dissolved oxygen killing
Results of presence of nitrates: can __________ the plant and fish population resulting in ____________. If algae increases, the ______________________ levels can decrease, __________ fish.
increase
overcrowding
Results:
dissolved oxygen
killing

26. _______________: _______________ found living in water that are sensitive to __________.
Bio-indicators
organisms
Definition:
pollution

27. Levels: High Levels indicate: _________ water source healthy
Low Levels indicate: __________water source (probably high levels of __________).
healthy
Levels:
poor
pollution

29. Causes of changes in bio-indicators: pollution that results in changes in _____, temperature, dissolved oxygen, or ____________ levels. pH
Causes:
nitrates

30. Results of few bio-indicators present: the lack of a _________ number of bio-indicators usually indicates high levels of ___________.
large
Results:
pollution