1. Chapter 17 Foreign Policy and National Defense

2. Section 1: Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy
President
Interacts with foreign officials as chief diplomat
Responsible for military actions as commander in chief
Responsible for making and conducting foreign policy
Appoints Secretary of State and ambassadors
May handle foreign policy matters directly, but often relies heavily on the Secretary of State

3. Leads the State Department Advises POTUS on foreign Policy
Secretary of State
Leads the State Department
Advises POTUS on foreign Policy
Under Bush (43): Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice
Under Obama: Hillary Clinton and John Kerry
HC to stop her from running against him for 2nd term
State Department
Carries out foreign policy
Bureaus organized geographically and functionally
Foreign service members represent U.S. abroad
Ambassadors stationed at capital of each recognized country
Ambassadors also represent U.S. to the UN, NATO, and international conferences

4. Section 2: National Security
Protecting National Security
Secretary of Defense
POTUS’s chief advisor on defense policy
Leads Defense Department
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Military advisors to Secretary of Defense, POTUS, and National Security Council
Military Departments
Department of the Army
Military Operations on land
Defends the US if attacked
Protects American interests abroad
Department of the Navy
Defends the nation through sea warfare
Marine Corps
Provides support to Navy and Air Force operations
Carries out land operations to reinforce naval campaigns
Department of the Air Force
Protects the US from enemy air, ground, or sea forces
Provides support for land and sea operations

5. Director of National Intelligence
POTUS’s chief advisor on national security
Directs and supervises intelligence agencies
Gathers intelligence and dispenses it as necessary
Department of Homeland Security
Protests US against terrorism
Conducts border and transportation security
Protects national infrastructure
Prepares for and responds to national emergencies
Defends the nation against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear attack

6. Section 3: American Foreign Policy Overview
1789—Policy of isolationism begins
1796—Washington declares isolationist policy in Farewell Address
1899—Open Door Policy declared
1900s—US becomes involved in Latin America through the Roosevelt Corollary
1917—US enters WWI
1918—US returns to isolationist policy
1930s—US endeavors to ease tensions with Latin America with Good Neighbor Policy
1941—US isolationist policy ends with the Pearl Harbor attack and entry into WWII

7. 1945—US confirms acceptance of internationalism policy by joining the United Nations (UN)
1947—Truman Doctrine begins as do the policies of deterrence and containment
1948—US provides foreign aid during Berlin Blockade
1950—Korean War begins as US attempt to contain communism
1965—US commits to war in Vietnam in attempt to contain communism
1972—Efforts toward détente begin when Nixon visits China and Soviet Union; signs SALT I compact
*Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Tehran; Kitchen Sink

8. Section 4: Foreign Aid and Alliances
Economic and military aid to other countries (less than 1% of federal budget in 2009ish)
Most aid to nations critical to US policy goals
Most aid must be spent on US products (essentially a US subsidy)
United States Agency for International Development (USID) administers most economic aid

9. Mutual defense treaties in different regions
Security Alliances
Mutual defense treaties in different regions
NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)—defend Europe and North America
Peacekeeping in the Balkans, Afghanistan, Darfur
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact)—defend the Americas
ANZUS Pact with Australia and New Zealand—ensures collective security in Pacific region
Japanese Pact—1951; peace treaty and defense treaty
Philippines Pact—1951; defense treaty
US withdrew military in 1992
Korean Pact with South Korea—1953; pledges US aid if attack occurs

10. US and all other members have 1 vote in General Assembly
United Nations
US and all other members have 1 vote in General Assembly
10 nonpermanent members; two-year terms
Security Council—main responsibility for international peace
5 permanent members that have veto power
US, Britain, France, Russia and China
US funds over 20% of UN operating budget for work that includes peacekeeping
Promoting development in poorer nations
Protecting health, environment, and human rights
But…what is “human rights”??
Partnering with NGOs