1. Toddler
Spring 2016

2. Milestones of Gross Motor Development (months)
11-19 Stand alone
9-16 Walk without support
9-17 Stand on 1 leg
11-21 Climbs (chairs, etc.)
13-17 Walk backward
14-22 Run
16-30 Walk on tiptoes
17-30 Jump in place
22-36 Walk up & down stairs

3. Milestones of Fine Motor Development (Months)
Hold writing instrument (i.e. –crayon)
Coordinate actions of both hands
Build tower of 2 blocks
Scribble
Feed self with spoon
Build tower of 3-4 blocks
Draw straight line on paper
Brush teeth
Build tower of 8-10 blocks
29-37 Copy circle

4. Toilet Training
Between 18 & 30 months of age
Key Signs:

5. Piaget’s 5th substage Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 mos)
The child intentionally tries an action out, to see what the effects will be (performed repeatedly)
Examples?
Text: Little Scientists (i.e. – Twins & flushing toilet)

6. Piaget’s 6th substage Mental Representations (18-24 mos.)
Child first thinks about the possibilities & selects the action which most likely to achieve the desired outcome

7. Text: Lucienne & matchbox w/ chain in it
Language: are mental representations we have of objects, people, actions, & ideas
Text: Lucienne & matchbox w/ chain in it
Piano
Pavo real
Paddle board
Lacrosse

8. Language Acquisition Theories
Praise/reward influences the development of language.
Training by parents is necessary for language acquisition.
Utterances are learned through imitation…
Children are active learners of language.
Parents do not have to train their child to learn language
Rules of sentence structure cannot be taught to children in order to acquire language…
Learning Theory:
B.F. Skinner
Behavior Ecology Theory:
Noam Chomsky

9. Language Development Cooing- birth – 2-6 mos.; 1 vowel sound; “oooo”
Babbling- emerges at 6 mos; string 2 + sounds; “papapa”

10. Vygotsky & Speech
Private speech - children talk to themselves in a self-guiding & self-directing way
First aloud
Then internally
Used to work through new concepts & experiences