1. From Versailles to Pearl Harbor
Actions of Germany, Italy, & Japan

2. Italian imperialism Date Action Response by Allies Signal 1924 1927
Treaty w/Yugoslavia to take Fiume
Protectorate over Albania
Invaded Ethiopia
League of Nations forbids arms sales & lending money to Italy (no oil embargo)
U.S. Neutrality Acts (1935, 36, 37): no arms sales, no traveling, no loans to countries at war

3. Spanish civil War Date Action Response by Allies Signal
Early 1930s-1939
Francisco Franco (fascist) fought against socialists for control of Spain
Mussolini & Hitler help him (alliance called Rome-Berlin Axis)
3,000 Americans joined “Lincoln’s Battalion” & fought in Spain against Franco
Fr/Br/U.S.: officially stayed neutral

4. Militarism in japan Date Action Response by Allies Signal 1930s 1931
1936
1937
Background: Unstable economy b/c of no natural resources, but military strong b/c “police state”
Attacked Manchuria for coal & iron
Signed military agreement: Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
Bombed civilians in Shanghai, China
Unhappy, but took no action
Cancelled commercial treaty & stopped gas/scrap metal sales.
Quarantine Speech by FDR: contain fascism through economic embargoes—Am still isolationist

5. Hitler violates treaty of versailles
Date
Action
Response by Allies
Signal
1936
1938
Fall 1938
Rearms & reoccupies Rhineland
Anchluss (annexation) of Austria
Demand Sudetenland (3m Germans there) in Czechoslovakia
Fr/Br condemn his move, but take no action (Fr wants military response, but Br doesn’t want to risk war)
U.S. Neutral
Munich agreement: appease Hitler w/Sudetenland
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

6. War Begins Date Action Response by Allies Signal 9/1 1939 1940
Hitler Invades Poland
Hitler controls most of Europe
Br/Fr declare war
U.S.: Cash & Carry
U.S./Br: Atlantic Charter (war aims)
U.S.: Lend-Lease Act

7. Pearl harbor Date Action Response by Allies Signal 10/41 12/7/41
General Hideki Tojo (Prime Minister of Japan) wants to resume Japan/U.S. economic relations
Bombs Pearl Harbor, HI; sank or damaged 8 battleships, damaged 10 other ships, destroyed 188 planes, & killed 2,300 Americans
U.S. refuses unless Japan withdraws from China.
U.S. declares war.
Germany & Italy declare war on U.S.
U.S. declares war on Germany/Italy.