1. Revolutionary Ideas

2. The Reformation Martin Luther is a German monk
Upset about the sale of indulgences
Writes 95 theses- 1517
Infuriates Church; ML brought before Church council (Diet of Worms) and asked to recant

5. Reformation challenges: authority of the Pope and Holy Roman Emperor; church ownership of land
Sparks religious wars
Wars result in a grudging toleration among Christian sects
Peace of Augsburg officially recognizes Lutheran Church
Edict of Nantes- granted Protestants rights in France

6. Catholic Reformation Reaction to Protestant Reformation
Altered some Church practices to regain adherents
Reaffirmed authority of the Pope
Created the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) – educated missionaries
Both the Protestant and Catholic reformations use education to spread their views

7. The Enlightenment Basic ideas: Questioned political authority
Emphasized reason over faith
Built on renaissance ideas
Helped cause American and French revolutions
The Enlightenment

8. More specific ideas Deism Pre-destination (not an enlightenment idea)
Laissez-faire “let it be” (Adam Smith)
More specific ideas

9. The Social Contract (Thomas Hobbes; John Locke)
Specific ideas cont.

10. Specific ideas cont. Gravity (Isaac Newton)
Planetary Motion (Newton, Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo)
Circulatory system (William Harvey)
Microscope/bacteria (Anthony van Leeuwenhoek)
Enlightenment ideas were based on “natural laws”
Specific ideas cont.

11. Adam Smith
John Locke
Isaac Newton

13. Scientific Revolution
Valued research and quantification
Began to accurately describe the nature of the universe (earth goes around sun etc.)
Conflicted with the Church- how? Why?
Believed in basic human goodness (societal problems could be solved through reason)
Scientific Revolution

14. Some English History Henry VIII Has a wife, but no son
Wants a divorce, Church says “no”
Henry takes over Church of England
Total six wives- two beheaded
Daughters, Mary and Elizabeth
Some English History

15. Henry VIII
Mary Tudor
Elizabeth

16. The Glorious Revolution-1688
Parliament has increasing power
King Charles I- taxes a lot
Rebellion led by Oliver Cromwell- 1640
Charles is beheaded by Parliament- first country to try and execute their own king
The Glorious Revolution-1688

18. Charles son, James II- Catholic- inherits throne
Parliament fears return to Catholicism, invites James’ daughter, Mary and her husband William, to have throne- 1688
“Bloodless” rebellion
English Bill of Rights no taxes or armies without Parliament’s approval