1. Mesosaurus: Warm Up: describe what you think this map represents

2. The Formation of Earth Video
You need to write everything in GREEN
Describe the early evolution of the Earth and solar system, including the formation of Earth’s solid layers, the distribution of major elements, the origin of internal heat sources, and the mechanism by which heat transfer drives plate tectonics.

3. Origin of the Universe The Big Bang Model 14 billion years ago
All matter existed in a hot and dense state
Space itself was expanding
As it expanded and cooled, it began to form stars and galaxies.
The first stars consisted of Hydrogen and a small amount of Helium

4. And then there was Earth
More and more stars formed
As the stars grew older they began to die
This caused more and more matter to be able to fuse into heavier elements.
These elements were expelled back into interstellar space.
Eventually this cloud of GAS and DUST lead to the formation of our Solar System (the Sun and its nine planets)
This occurred 4.5 Billion years ago

5. Composition of Earth Crust: thin rigid layer of rocks
Mantle: Composed of compounds rich in iron, silicon, and magnesium. (67% of Earth’s mass)
Outer Core: Liquid iron and nickel
Inner Core: Solid iron and nickel

6. Composition of the Earth

7. The Crust This is the layer we live on
It contains two major rock categories:
Oceanic Crust is Basalt
Continental Crust is Granite
The majority of the elemental composition of the crust is oxygen and silicon.
The differences in densities of these rock types account for the oceans and continents on Earth

8. The Crust
The continental crust is LESS dense than the oceanic, therefore it rises above sea level.
The amount of Oceanic crust is
partially responsible for 70% of Earth
being covered by water.
Of that 70% only 3% is freshwater!

9. **Note Check** What is the inner most layer of Earth?
How long ago did the universe form?
What did the universe form from?
Is oceanic crust more or less dense than continental crust?

10. The Mantle The THICKEST layer Contains Iron, Magnesium, and Silicon
Where Convection takes place

11. Mantle Convection The driving force for Plate Tectonics
Evidence of Continental Drift

12. Continental Drift
Continental drift was a theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface.
Set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist
Continental drift also explained
Glacial scaring left on multiple continents that are now warm climates
why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, are found on different continents
Example Mesosaurus

13. Glacial Deposits and Scars

14. Mesosaurus

15. The Core Outer Core Inner Core Liquid iron and nickel
Solid iron and nickel