1. Forest Resources and Their Uses
By: Jessica, Kiera and Matthew

2. Forest Regions in Canada

3. Forest Regions in Canada
Boreal Forest Region
Largest forest region of the five
Mainly composed of coniferous softwood trees
Trees grow slow because of low precipitation and long cold winters
Pulp and paper production is prominent because of small trees

4. Forest Regions in Canada
Taiga Forest Region
Trees are not tall because of many factors including cold temperatures and permafrost
Types of trees include coniferous (e.g. Black spruce) and deciduous (e.g. Poplar)
Small parts of the forest are logged for
paper and pulp making

5. Forest Regions in Canada
West Coast forest region
Most productive and highest forest in Canada
Coniferous trees grow on the western side of the mountains
Lots of precipitation, long growing season and moderate temperatures
Because of large trees the logs are
most often used for cedar shingles,
plywood and lumber

6. Forest Regions in Canada
Montane Forest Region
Second highest trees in Canada
Not as much precipitation and as long of a growing season as the west coast forest region
Small coniferous trees like various spruce and ponderosa pine
Lumber, pulp and paper are all
made from the logs in this region

7. Forest Regions in Canada
Mixed Forest Region
Large variety of trees grow here including coniferous trees like white pine and hardy deciduous trees like oak
Trees are harvested for lumber, pulp and paper
Here there are warmer temperatures,
abundant precipitation and a longer
growing season

8. Producing Pulp and Paper in Canada
Canada is the second largest pulp and paper producer in the world after the United States and the largest exporter in the world.
Canada produces so much pulp and paper because many logs from trees in Quebec,
Ontario and Central Canada are
too small to used for lumber
purposes.

9. Lumber in British Columbia
British Columbia is the leading lumber and plywood producer in Canada because its forests have many tall and knot-free trees. These trees are useful in things like construction and easily unrolled to make thin layers for plywood.

10. Types of Logging Operations
Clear Cutting:
Fast and cheap
Every tree is cut down and nothing is left behind
Areas are usually replanted which makes it easy to log in the future once the trees reach maturity
If trees are not replanted the land may become damaged (exposed soil erosion)

11. Types of Logging Operations
Shelterwood Logging:
This method only clearcuts certain sections of a forest
Seed bearing trees are left behind so that the seeds can replenish the logged area

12. Types of Logging Operations
Selective Cutting:
Certain trees are selected for desired qualities including size, quality or type
This way the forest environment is less disturbed
More expensive due to the care and time required to cut down the trees

13. Sawmills in Canada
Sawmills tend to be smaller than pulp and paper mills.
They are specialized to take advantage of the characteristics of the trees in the particular area and focus on a particular market.
The number of sawmills in Canada is decreasing because because new, efficient sawmills are being built.
These mills have better ways of processing smaller logs and using all parts of the wood whereas the older sawmills were designed to cut large chunks of wood.

14. New Sawmill
Old Sawmill

15. Effects of Acid Rain in Canada
Acid rain causes trees to die and the depletion of soil
This is caused by emissions from factories nearby
It mostly occurs in Eastern Canada
Some coniferous trees in the southern boreal forest are affected by acid rain as well

16. Forest Insects and Pests
Like acid rain, insects and pests affect the health of Canadian forests greatly
This is because the trees are damaged by the pests
Diseases are also spread by pests
For these reasons forest companies spend a great deal of money and time to control these
pests
(e.g. “For example the pine bark beetle causes so much damage to british columbian forests that their government must pay millions of dollars each year to repair the damage that the beetles have done)

17. Forest Fires
Forest fires can be beneficial because they kill all of the dead trees and let new healthy trees grow in their place.
They also allow certain types seed to grow.
Forest fires caused by lightning are left to burn out because they are often in remote places far from people.
Forest fires caused by people are more likely put out by firefighters because these forests are usually near settled areas, easy to access and are considered valuable.

19. Sustained Yield Forest Management
Sustained Yield Forest Management is one of the goals that Canada tries to achieve when we manage the forests. To achieve this goal, we must make sure that for every tree that is logged there are measures taken to help another tree grow and to lower the costs. If Sustained Yield Forest Management is not reached we would experience a decrease is jobs and valuable income from exports.
(e.g. “For example, if we were to attain sustained yield management in a forest it would be a lot easier for a new forest to regrow but if we did not do this it would hurt the local environment and the government's funds.)

20. Forestry Facts
Canada has 10 percent of the world's forests and about 30 percent of the world’s boreal forests.
Canada ships over $30 million worth of lumber products each year.