1. MATTER and CHANGE Chapter 1 Section 1

2. CHEMISTRY is a PHYSICAL SCIENCE The CENTRAL SCIENCE because it bridges the living and non-living realms. (Though physicists might argue that physics is the central science)

3. CHEMISTRY The study of the composition, structure and properties of matter and the change it undergoes.

4. Six main areas of chemistry: Organic Inorganic Physical Analytical Biochemistry Theoretical

5. Organic- Carbon containing compounds
Organic- Carbon containing compounds. Inorganic- not organic Physical- the physics of chemistry…energy changes that occur in matter

6. Analytical- Identification of the composition of a substance
Analytical- Identification of the composition of a substance. Biochemistry- chemical processes and transformations in living things. Theoretical- just what it says, explains or predicts chemical phenomena

7. Q: What is a chemical. A: a material with a definite composition
Q: What is a chemical? A: a material with a definite composition. Different chemicals have different properties… What chemicals did you use today?

8. Types of research: Basic- because you want to know
Types of research: Basic- because you want to know. Applied- Solves a problem. Technological Development- improves the quality of life…hmmm

9. Science and Technology are NOT the same
Science and Technology are NOT the same. Science is the knowledge and technology is the application of that knowledge.

10. Home fun:
Pg 26 q 1-4, 16, 22.
Read Modern Alchemy on pgs 8-9 and discuss what is meant by the remark given by Soddy in 1917 and if this applies today. If it does, how?

11. Chapter 1 Section 2 MATTER and Its Properties

12. Matter – Anything that has MASS and VOLUME
Matter – Anything that has MASS and VOLUME. ATOMS and MOLECULES the basic building blocks of matter.

13. ATOM-- the smallest unit of an element that still maintains the properties that element. ELEMENT– a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. COMPOUND– contains two or more different chemically bonded elements.

14. Properties and Changes in Matter All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. Properties can be extensive or intensive. Properties can be physical or chemical.

15. Extensive properties are dependent upon the amount of matter present
Extensive properties are dependent upon the amount of matter present. Ex-mass, volume heat content, length. Intensive properties are NOT
dependent upon the amount. Ex- melting point, boiling point, freezing point, density

16. How will you decide if a property is intensive or extensive???
If a quantity of matter in a given state is divided into two equal parts, each part will have the same value of intensive property as the original, but only half the value of the extensive property.

17. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. EX: melting point, freezing point, boiling point, density.

18. Physical changes include: melting, cutting, grinding,
Physical Changes do not involve a change in the identity of a substance. Give me an example of a physical change please.
Physical changes include: melting, cutting, grinding,

19. States of Matter Solid-definite shape and volume
States of Matter Solid-definite shape and volume. Liquid-definite volume but indefinite shape Gas- no definite shape or volume Plasma-gas that consists of free charged particles, electrons and ions

20. Change of State Physical change from one state to another.

21. At 100°C, water
Becomes water
vapor, a gas.
Water molecules
can move
Randomly over
large distances.

22. Below 0°C, water molecules solidify to form ice.
In the solid state, water molecules are held close together in a rigid structure.

23. Between 0°C and
100°C, water is a
liquid. In the
liquid state,
water molecules
are close
together, but can move about freely

24. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Properties that DO change the chemical nature of matter, the substances transform into different substances.

25. Ex: charcoal burning. Carbon combines with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide

26. Chemical Change (or Chemical Reaction) Substances are changed into different substances.

27. REACTANT- Substances that react to form different substance PRODUCT- The substance formed in a chemical reaction

28. C + O2  CO2 Reactants Product  yields 2H2O  4H + O2

29. ENERGY is involved in physical and chemical changes
ENERGY is involved in physical and chemical changes. Energy can be either released or absorbed in these changes. When a change occurs, the amount of energy remains the same before and after the reaction. This is the Law of ______of _____

30. Classification of Matter Matter is classified as either a MIXTURE or as a PURE SUBSTANCE

31. MIXTURE: A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. Mixtures can be homogenous or heterogenous.

32. HOMOGENOUS mixtures are uniform in composition. AKA solutions
HOMOGENOUS mixtures are uniform in composition. AKA solutions. Example: tea Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform throughout. Example: fruit cocktail

33. PURE SUBSTANCE:. can be an element or a compound
PURE SUBSTANCE: *can be an element or a compound. *has a definite composition that does not vary, even from sample to sample. Examples- pure water, CO2, C6H12O6

34. HOMEFUN
pg.18 q 1-4
pg 26 q 5,11,17, 19, 24

35. 1-3 ELEMENTS

36. ELEMENTS are shown on the periodic table and are arranged according to their distinct properties See table 1-2. Pg 20

37. Vertical columns are called GROUPS or FAMILIES
Vertical columns are called GROUPS or FAMILIES. They contain elements with similar chemical properties. There are ___ groups on the periodic table.

38. Horizontal rows are called PERIODS
Horizontal rows are called PERIODS. Physical and chemical properties of elements change across a period. Elements that are next to one another are more similar to one another than elements that are further apart.

39. Lanthanides and Actinides sit below the periodic table
Lanthanides and Actinides sit below the periodic table. There is no convention for group placement of lanthanides and actinides at this time.

40. Types of Elements Metals – Most are:. solid at room temperature
Types of Elements Metals – Most are: *solid at room temperature * malleable * ductile * good conductors of heat and electricity. * shiny * have high tensile strength Example: Copper, calcium, sodium
Tensile strength--the stress at which a material breaks or permanently deforms.

41. Nonmetals-. solids, liquid (bromine) or gases at room temperature
Nonmetals- *solids, liquid (bromine) or gases at room temperature * brittle * poor conductors of heat and electricity. Example: Phosphorous, carbon, oxygen

42. Metalloids- Have some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
Metalloids- Have some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. *Solids at room temperature *less malleable than metals but more malleable than nonmetals *some have the metallic luster *semiconductors Examples: Antimony, arsenic, silicon

43. Noble Gases: Group 18. Gases at room temperature
Noble Gases: Group 18 * Gases at room temperature * generally unreactive Examples: Neon, helium

44. Home Fun Pg 24 q 1-3 pg 26 q 20, 21,23