1. Inclusive Governance and GESI

2. Coverage Inclusive Governance Key components of IG Why IG?
Exploring gender discrimination in Nepal (Video)
Dimensions of Exclusion
GESI as an approach and Why GESI
Issues and challenges
GESI in Institutions
Efforts taken by GON
Way Forward

3. Inclusive Governance
System and practices of government that brings marginalized groups into the mainstream of wider framework of the governance policies, programs, systems and practices
IG is not only about structural change, policy etc. - it is what we as civil servants do, how we act, how we interact with others

4. Contd..
Improve two different parts of the service delivery viz. efficient delivery of public services and empower marginalized group to demand services
WPEs friendly attitude and behaviours of service providers

5. Contd..

6. Key Components of IG
Accountability:- Being answerable for decisions, actions and behaviours towards people
Integrity:- Being honest and fair
Responsiveness:- Responding with empathy, courtesy and pro-activeness to people and their needs
Gender equality and social inclusion

7. IG Why IG ? Engaging citizen Efficient public service delivery
Good governance
Engaging citizen
Efficient public service delivery IG
Empowering
Ensuring the right
Redistribution
Justice
Recognition, representation and meaningful participation

8. Some questions
Women are the weaker and need to be protected, is it true?
If male works in kitchen, does it create equality?
If male doesn’t encourage female, will they be empowered themselves?
What do you think ? Mother herself prefers son.
Should women be provided with opportunities or should their capacities be developed?
What do you think ?
Women are the primary users of public services
Female professionals at the front line reduce access barriers to service delivery
Women are more trustworthy and less corrupt than men
Women also may be making or accepting bribes but using their male relatives as the mediators.

9. Exploring Gender Discrimination in Nepal
Video Case Discussion

10. Exercise
Being a public service provider, what do you think are your responsibilities for the realization of existence of inclusive governance/GESI by the service receiver?

11. Dimension of Inclusion/Exclusion
Gender
Caste/Ethnicity
Economically
Disability
Geographically and so on
Geographically

12. GESI
GESI is an approach that brings women and men from all social groups (ethnicity, caste, economy, age, disability, geographic locations) in all political, economic and social spheres
It aims to promote gender equality and social inclusion by addressing existing disparities and gaps in access and control over resources, services, information and opportunities and the distribution of power and decision making

13. Why GESI
An overwhelming number of citizens are systematically deprived of their fundamental human rights and their rights to development
Undertaken as new development intervention to overcome the obstacles of gender inequality and social exclusion
Focused on key issues that hinder women, poor and socially excluded group in the participation and benefit sharing

14. Issues GESI Issues Women
equity, equality, empowerment, Mainstreaming, participation and so on.
Janjatis/ Adiwashi
Culture, Language, Recognition and so on.
Madheshi
Identity, Mainstreaming and so on
Muslim
Religion, Minority, Poverty and so on.
Dalits
Poverty, Untouchability and so on.
Remote and marginalized areas
Economic and Infrastructural Development
and so on.
Senior Citizen, children, endangered nationalities
Social protection

15. Challenges
The effective implementation of GESI provisions in policies, programmes and guidelines
Multi-sectorial coordination to address issues of women, poor and excluded people
Identifying the income poor
Regular opportunities to strengthen service providers’ skills to meet their duties and strength capacity of service receiver to claim their right

16. GESI in Institutions Institutions
GESI responsive policy, strategy, programme, rule, regulation and budget
GESI disaggregated (quantitative and
qualitative) database system
GESI sensitive organization culture (code of conduct)
Institutions
GESI responsive HR policy
Affirmative action on recognition and subsidy
for the targeted population
Knowledge and skill of duty bearers to
deliver GESI responsive services
effectively

17. Underlying Socio-cultural Institutions, Values & Codes of Behavior
Inequality
Underlying Socio-cultural Institutions, Values & Codes of Behavior
Assets
& Capabilities
Civil Society, Private Sector
& Public Sector
INSTITUTIONS
Inequitable distributional rules
Weak Influence
Lots of assets
& capabilities
ELITES
MIDDLE
POOR & SOCIALLY
EXCLUDED
Strong Influence
Now to the process of social change.
We start with a hypothetical country named Inequistan which has highly exclusionary institutions.
Beneath everything are the “deep structure”, underlying socio-cultural institutions, values and codes of behavior. The “taken for granted” or tacit institutions have a huge impact on the more formal and visible institutions and how they actually work. It is presented here in green -- like the water that fish swim in. Just as fish are totally dependent on the water, but unaware of it, so with people and their deep structure institutions like kinship, religion or even language itself.
Then we have our three elements: the institutions, the people and the assets and capabilities.
The elites have a lot of influence on the institutions so not surprisingly the distributional rules favor them and they get the lion’s share of the countries assets.
Those at the bottom have little influence and they have to make do with a thin trickle of assets and capabilities that come their way.
This is a picture of what we could call a “closed access” or feudal system where only a few groups have access to the main sources of wealth and power in the country. It may remind you a lot of the Shah/Rana era Nepal.
Few assets or
capabilities

18. Equality Social Inclusion: Middle POOR Assets & Capabilities Elites
“Removal of institutional barriers and enhancement of incentives to increase access of diverse individuals and groups to development.”
Social Inclusion:
Assets
&
Capabilities
More equitable distribution rules
INSTITUTIONS
Elites
But as I said empowerment alone is not enough.
There must also social inclusion which brings changes at the system level. Usually this happens not from below, but from within the power structure – by a small group of “champions” in government or civil society who also want social change and greater equity in their country.
They are form part of the coalition for change between different strata of society that finally forces change.
So now we have come to Equistan! Now the pyramid is flatter. Though there are still poor in Equistan, there are many fewer. They have basic livelihood security and greater social mobility. Equistan has gone from a closed access system where only a few control all the wealth and power, to an open access system where many more people can compete for wealth and power.
Business transactions are now made and access to jobs determined on the basis of transparent rules which are the same for everyone, rather than on the basis of personal networks and insider deals among the elite.
Middle
Partnership
for Change
POOR

19. Efforts taken by Government
The concern on women was first surfaced in the sixth plan( )
Ninth plan ( ) adopted three pronged strategies to empower women namely mainstreaming, eliminating gender inequality and empowerment
Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002– 2006) – also known as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) – which declared ‘social inclusion’ to be one of the four pillars on which to focus. Chapter 26 of this plan outlines the need for gender equality to achieve the goal of poverty alleviation

20. Contd..
The Three-Year Interim Plan (2007–2010) has a separate section for women’s fundamental rights and more inclusive toward Dalits, Madhesis, indigenous groups and persons with disabilities
The 1990 Constitution accepted the notion of Inclusive Governance and made special provisions for ensuring inclusive participation of women, Dalits, marginalised and oppressed communities in national governance processes

21. Contd..
Interim Constitution of Nepal (2007) included provisions to support gender equality and social inclusion
Under Article 13 relating to the Right to Equality
states that:
“No discrimination shall be made against any citizen in the application of general laws on grounds of religion, race, sex, caste, tribe, origin, language or ideological conviction or any of these.”
Article 20 guarantees right of women
Article 21 assurances right to social justice

22. 2072 constitution of Nepal Preamble
"Embracing multi-caste, multi-lingual, multi-cultural and diverse geographical specificities, by ending discriminations relating to class, caste, region, language, religion and gender discrimination including all forms of racial untouchability, in order to protect and promote unity in diversity, social and cultural solidarity, tolerance and harmonious attitudes, we also express our determination to create an egalitarian society on the basis of the principles of proportional inclusion and participation, to ensure equitable economy, prosperity and social justice,"

23. Contd.. Right to equality: Article 18
Right against untouchability and discrimination: Article 24
Right to language and culture: Article 32
Right of women: Article 38
Right of Dalits: Article 40
Right to social justice: Article 42
Right to social security: Article 43

24. Institutional Developments
In 1995, the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare was established
In 1997, the National Committee for the Development of Nationalities and the Committee for Upliftment of Downtrodden, Oppressed and Dalit Classes were established
In 2002, the National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities was institutionalized with necessary reforms

25. Contd..
The National Women Commission and the National Dalit Commission was established in to integrate social inclusion into national governance agenda and strengthen capacity
In 2004, formed high-level Committee on Reservation to recommend appropriate policy, mechanism and procedures for effective enforcement of reservation system, as part of affirmative action, for inclusive representation of women, Dalits and indigenous nationalities in the public service of Nepal

26. Way forward
Affirmative action and positive discrimination to the targeted groups
Coordinate and collaborate with local bodies, line agencies, social leaders and media
GESI capacity building of the stakeholders and partners at all levels and create platform for GESI
Adopt right based approach to reach poor women and men, and women belonging to janjati, dalit, madhesi, muslim and other backward communities
Revising and planning from the lessons learned and up- scaling of the good practices.

27. Changing MY OWN positive ATTITUDE on GESI is key way to achieve harmony & prosperity in Society

28. Thank you