1. Woodrow Wilson Emerges as a Leader
Once mildly conservative, now militantly progressive
Professor from Princeton
Elected governor of New Jersey in 1910

2. The Campaign of 1912 Woodrow Wilson Democrat Help from Bryan
“New Freedom”
William Howard Taft
Republican incumbent
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive “Bull Moose” party
“New Nationalism”
We stand at Armageddon, and we battle for the Lord!”
Called Taft a “fathead” with the brain of a “guinea pig”

3. Roosevelt’s New Nationalism vs. Wilson’s New Freedom
Consolidation of trusts and labor unions
women’s suffrage
social welfare
Minimum wage laws
Social insurance
Precursor to the New Deal
small enterprise
Entrepreneurship
Free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets
Competition was key
Enforcement of antitrust laws

5. Election of 1912 Electoral and Popular Vote Results
Candidate
Party
Electoral Votes
States Carried
Popular Vote
Percentage
Woodrow Wilson
Democrat
435 40
6,296,284
41.8
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive 88 6
4,122,721
27.4
William Howard Taft
Republican 8 2
3,486,242
23.2
Eugene Debs
Socialist
901,551

6. Wilson: The Idealist 2nd Democratic president since 1861
Born in Virginia
A Jeffersonian Democrat
Mass democracy, as long as they were informed
Great speaker and believed in strong leadership
Intelligent, but sometimes looked down upon those who were less so
didn’t relate well to the public
Idealism and sense of moral righteousness made him incredibly stubborn in negotiating.

7. Wilson Tackles the Tariff
Attacked "the triple wall of privilege":  the tariff, the banks, and the trusts
helped pass the Underwood Tariff Bill (reduced tariffs) 
16th Amendment: graduated income tax

8. Wilson Battles the Bankers
Problem: Banking reserves were located in New York and a handful of other large cities and could not be mobilized in times of financial stress into areas that needed money.
Federal Reserve Act
Federal Reserve Board: appointed by the president
oversaw a nationwide system of 12 regional Federal Reserve banks 
issued paper money (Federal Reserve Notes)
money in circulation could be increased as needed for the requirements of business

9. The President Tames the Trusts
Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
oversees industries engaged in interstate commerce 
eliminate monopolies
Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act
exempted labor and agricultural organizations from anti-trust prosecution
legalized strikes and peaceful picketing

10. Wilsonian Progressivism at High Tide
Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916: made loans available to farmers at low rates of interest
Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916: gave assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability 
child labor restricted on products shipped between states
Wilson nominated for the Supreme Court reformer Louis D. Brandeis, the first Jew to be a Supreme Court justice.

11. New Directions in Foreign Policy
Anti-imperialist
Jones Act (1916): granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence as soon as a stable government could be established
Haiti (1915) sent Marines to protect American lives and property
1916: signed a treaty with Haiti providing for U.S. supervision of finances and the police.
1917: purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark

12. Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico
Mexican revolution (1913) The president was murdered and replaced by General Victoriano Huerta.  Because of the chaos in Mexico, millions of Spanish-speaking immigrants came to America.
President Wilson initially refused to intervene. But after a small party of American sailors was accidentally captured by the Mexicans, Wilson ordered the navy to seize the Mexican port of Vera Cruz.
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile intervened and pressured Huerta to step down.
Venustiano Carranza became the president of Mexico. 
Francisco Villa, rival to President Carranza, attempted to provoke a war between Mexico and the U.S by killing Americans. 
Wilson ordered General John J. Pershing to break up Villa's influence. 
The invading American army was withdrawn from Mexico in 1917 as the threat of war with Germany loomed.

13. World War I Breaks Out
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria
Allies consisted of France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy.
Wilson issued a neutrality proclamation

15. The United States Earned Blood Money
American industry prospered off trade with the Allies
Germany and the Central Powers protested American trading with the Allies
Germany was free to trade with the U.S., but Britain prevented this trade by controlling the Atlantic Ocean.
Unrestricted submarine warfare began

16. Wilson Wins the Reelection in 1916
Progressives nominated Theodore Roosevelt, but he refused to run.
Republicans: Supreme Court justice Charles Evans Hughes
condemned the Democratic tariff, assaults on the trusts, and Wilson's dealings with Mexico and Germany
Democrats: Woodrow Wilson
anti-war campaign 
“He kept us out of war.”
Wilson re-elected