1. Light Pollution: The Severity and the Ways to Alleviate It
HS HyoJung Kim
HS DoHwan Kwon
Light Pollution: The Severity and the Ways to Alleviate It

2. Contents
I. Introduction 1. Background Information i. Definition of Light Pollution ii. Effects of Light Pollution 2. Status Quo II. Analytical Approach of the Topic 1. Causes of Light Pollution 2. Necessity of Reducing Light Pollution
III. Solutions; Ways to Reduce Light Pollution 1. Experiment A: Varying the Angle of the Lamp’s Reflection Plates 2. Experiment B: Varying the Material of the Lamp’s Cover 3. Experiment C: Using Converging Lenses IV. Conclusion 1. Implementation and Practicality of the Solutions 2. Anticipated Results

3. I. Introduction
1. Background Information i. Definition of Light Pollution ii. Effects of Light Pollution 2. Status Quo

4. Definition of Light Pollution

5. Effects of Light Pollution
Interrupts natural behaviors
Exposes individuals to higher predation levels
Disrupts navigational abilities
“light maze” – entraps and disorients wildlife
Circadian rhythm disruption
Increases the incidence of cancer
Lack of sleep, lack of dark lead to epidemic of obesity and diabetes

6. Status Quo
Use of artificial electric lighting has been increasing rapidly
Light pollution - receiving more and more concerns
Controversy
Controversy over whether we should regulate light pollution or not
Advocates of the regulation: highlight negative impacts
Opposition: argues that light pollution is inevitable in ensuring security, visibility, deterring possible crimes, and protecting personal lives
Responses of the advocates to the opposition:
many types of outdoor lighting are designed for advertising and that security and visibility are actually wasteful
there is no conclusive evidence that lighting actually prevents crime
excessive light actually trespasses personal lives and detracts our quality of life rather than protect our lives

7. II. Analytical Approach of the Topic
1. Causes of Light Pollution 2. Necessity of Reducing Light Pollution

8. Causes of Light Pollution

9. Necessity of Reducing Light Pollution

10. III. Solutions; Ways to Reduce Light Pollution
1. Experiment A: Varying the Angle of the Lamp’s Reflection Plates
2. Experiment B: Varying the Material of the Lamp’s Cover
3. Experiment C: Using Converging Lenses

11. Experiment 1
Reflection plates
Angle of reflection = angle of index

13. Solution
The length of the plates will be adjusted proportional to the maximum angles of reflection that causes the scattering of lights.

14. Experiment 2
Refraction occurs when light passes through from one substance to the other, such as passing from air to the glass cover of the lamp

15. Snell’s law
medium 1
medium 2 θ2 θ1

16. Snell’s law
medium 1
medium 2 θ2 θ1

17. Index of refraction

18. Index of refraction (gas)

19. The gas’ index of refraction are around 1.
changing the gas inside the lamp would make not much of a difference from the conventional style

20. Experiment 3
Converging lens – gathers light

21. IV. Conclusion 1. Implementation and Practicality of the Solutions
2. Anticipated Results

22. Implementation and Practicality of the Solutions
Additional reflection plates
Converging lens as lamp cover
Cost-benefit analysis
Opt or not to opt?

23. Anticipated Results Reduction of light pollution
Security and safety – no problem
Decrease in the negative impacts on wildlife and human health

24. Thank You!!