1. Can You Name these Men?

2. Chapter 8: A new Nation

3. Essential Questions What challenges did the new nation face?
What impact did Washington’s presidency have?
How did new political parties change the United States?

4. The Unwritten Constitution
The unwritten constitution are those processes of our government that are considered an essential part of the system yet they are not actually in the Constitution.
•These are customs and precedents that have been doing for so long that many citizens think these are, in fact, laws yet they are not.
•Examples: Cabinet, Judicial Review, Political Parties

5. Step 1: Elected a President Step 2: Create a Cabinet
Steps to A New Nation
Step 1: Elected a President
Step 2: Create a Cabinet
Step 3: Establish a Court System
Step 4: Ratify the Bill of Rights

6. Step 1: elect a President
April, 30, 1789 Washington is inaugurated.
People were suspicious of the President because they feared the return of a tyrant.
Still questions on how this position would work.
Washington established precedents – traditions.

7. Step 2: Creating a Cabinet
Cabinet – The heads of the executive departments that act as advisors to the president.
Established President’s power over Executive branch.
Department of State
Thomas Jefferson
Department of Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Department of War
General Henry Knox
Attorney General Edmund Randolph
Cabinet

10. Step 3: Passing the Judiciary Act of 1789
Supreme Court mentioned by Constitution but the rest of court system is left up to Congress.
Provided for a Supreme Court with 6 justices (later they will add 3 more justices for the 9 we have today).
Established 13 district courts and 3 courts of appeals.
John Jay was appointed the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Federal Government has ultimate power over state laws.
Strong and Independent Judiciary created.

12. Step 4: Ratifying the Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights – First 10 Amendments of the Constitution that guarantees personal liberties
Promised by the Federalists in exchange for ratification of the Constitution
12 Amendments are passed in the first session of Congress, 10 are ratified by the states on December 15, 1791.

13. What do you think was the most difficult step in establishing A New Nation?